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Questions related from Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
Methane production from a CBM Reservoir: In the absence of a conventional gas trap, what kind of hydrological conditions associated with a coal-bed may not allow an efficient de-watering...
26 February 2021 7,260 1 View
Latest Forecast: Growth in Global Oil Demand to dwindle down from 10 Lakhs barrels/day in 2020 to 1 Lakh barells/day in 2030: What does it mean? Why do we focus only on reducing the fossil fuel...
22 December 2019 7,837 1 View
'CO2 in the atmosphere' Vs 'Solar Maxima': How do they influence the Mean Global Temperature?
15 December 2019 9,926 17 View
'Super Grand Solar Minimum' is about to commence: Are we heading towards a 'GLOBAL COOLING'? What is the major consequence that we can think of - in the event of - All the Four of the Sun's...
15 December 2019 9,091 3 View
If CO2 Levels in Atmosphere & in Oceans are assumed to be in Equilibrium; then, the respective fraction of ‘CO2 in Atmosphere’ & ‘CO2 in Oceans’ is a function of ‘Temperature’: Is it Earth’s...
14 December 2019 6,843 4 View
Can Gas Hydrates (a Green House Gas) quicken the Climate Change (Warming)?
20 November 2018 9,705 17 View
Whether NUMERICAL MODELS have really become the ARTIFACTs of inversion of field data to estimate hydraulic parameters in the context of modeling fluid flow through porous media?
13 November 2018 6,729 3 View
There are many reservoirs known to be naturally fractured that do not show dual-porosity behavior on build-ups, draw-downs or fluid displacement. If so, what could be the probable alternatives...
13 November 2018 1,755 3 View
Pore Scale Modeling (PSM) for describing fluid flow through porous medium: Is it significantly different from Darcy’s macroscopic-scale modelling? Variations of fluid velocity and pore-geometry...
19 October 2018 2,091 3 View
Field-scale permeability distribution does not have an unique description but it includes normal-distribution, log-normal distribution, multi-modal distribution and Levy stable distribution....
16 September 2018 2,565 3 View
The conditions required for the formation of natural gas hydrates occur frequently on the Earth’s continental margins (apart from a smart fraction associated with the Artic Permafrost): - Is there...
24 January 2018 7,102 2 View
Does the organic matter associated with Gas Shales really get modified in order to provide INTERNAL MICRO-POROSITY during the metamorphism of the organic matter (apart from gas generation)?
01 January 1970 2,512 2 View
Sub-Surface Fluid Dynamics: Conceptual / Mathematical / Numerical Modelling Skills: Basic / Applied Research: Are we striking a balance between these models? Or Are We biased towards...
01 January 1970 4,389 2 View
Despite gas hydrate's role as a potential future energy resource, why does gas-hydrates present a large threat to the conventional oil and gas industry? The estimated value of global gas hydrates...
01 January 1970 9,274 6 View
The world has 3000 billion barrels of remaining oil (more than half of the World’s Oil Reserves) and 3000 trillion SCF gas in place (nearly half of the World’s Gas Reserves) in carbonate...
01 January 1970 8,602 17 View
Only Japan and China have been successful so far in extracting methane from gas-hydrate fields, albeit the fact that nearly 40 countries have carried out marine gas-hydrate explorations: Why is...
01 January 1970 1,391 3 View
Whether the permeability enhancement resulting from swelling of shale expansion has NO use at all? Background: Shale expansion from swelling increases the resultant over-burden stress in the...
01 January 1970 6,623 2 View
Where exactly, are we supposed to focus on the inhibition of hydrate-dissociation? Should the focus be confined only within the drill-pipe associated with the gas-hydrate bearing sediments? Or...
01 January 1970 404 1 View
CFD: When the solution algorithm is iterative in nature, and if the solution converges, then, Can we, by default, take it for granted that the associated fluid flow properties were...
01 January 1970 615 5 View
When agriculture (24%) and electricity generation (25%) together contribute nearly to one half of the green-house gas emissions {apart from transportation (14%); manufacturing (21%), building..."> When agriculture & electricity together contribute nearly 50% of green-house gas emissions, Will "Renewable Energy" alone be "THE SOLUTION" for GW?
01 January 1970 2,554 3 View
To what extent, the laboratory measurements - carried out in the context of securing details - on the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves of a shale reservoir would be meaningful,...
01 January 1970 7,517 1 View
Global Energy Demand: Where are we heading towards? Has global energy mix really shifted to low-carbon fuels? Has energy solution really varied over time and circumstances? Whether the...
01 January 1970 1,490 2 View
Will it be a Miracle to bring down the Production Cost of Petroleum Product (per barrel) resulting either from EOR or Heavy-oil to be at par with that of Conventional Oil? EOR or Heavy Oil...
01 January 1970 4,862 1 View
If hydrosphere is (fluid) mass conserved, then, Is it NOT about the " Reallocated Distribution of Water Resources on this earth"? Whether Global Warming really matters on a larger continental...
01 January 1970 2,508 5 View
Do we really have brains with varying characterization for men and women? Is it so difficult to strike a balance between emotion and intelligence for both the genders comfortably?
01 January 1970 9,817 6 View
In-situ Stresses: Whether stresses are being locally perturbed as a result of interaction with faults or lithological boundaries with depth? Are we really considering the ‘variations’ in...
01 January 1970 5,074 6 View
Is there any other critical factor(s) during the selection of drilling fluids (water-based, oil-based, foam and/or air/mist drilling fluids) for coring - besides the primary objective of the...
01 January 1970 9,294 3 View
Are we really characterizing, a continuous fluid flow of both oil and water - in an oil reservoir - throughout the production cycle (solution gas drive: both black-oil & volatile-oil...
01 January 1970 6,412 1 View
GOR (1) The magnitude of volume of gas required to move the oil through the reservoir formation to reach the well keeps increasing as the well becomes older. In such cases, if the production gets...
01 January 1970 3,534 2 View
Induced Hydraulic Fracturing by Water-Flooding: Whether the ‘fracture toughness’ of a consolidated reservoir-formation @ the beginning of oil production by primary depletion; and @ the beginning...
01 January 1970 9,848 1 View
Conceptual modeling of a Fractured Reservoir: Where are we heading towards? 1. Is it possible to secure the actual three-dimensional (and NOT the two-dimensional areal features - in the...
01 January 1970 2,539 2 View
BL Theory in a Fractured Reservoir: The Buckley-Leverett theory involves two systems which are similar in nature but are differentiated by time; and these systems may be described by the...
01 January 1970 4,701 1 View
Thermal-dispersion: An ignored heat transfer phenomena in Thermal EOR (by either injection of steam/hot-water or ISC)? 1. Relatively homogeneous ‘combustion tubes’ remain the primary reason...
01 January 1970 9,359 1 View
Influence of Hydrodynamic tilt-factor to Oil, Water & Gas production: Whether the presence of tilted fluid-fluid (particularly dynamic-OWC and not even GOC) contacts would still ensure the...
01 January 1970 1,927 2 View
Gas Formation Volume Factor (GFVF) as a function of Reservoir Pressure: Isothermal Compressibility below Bubble-Point (BP) Pressure: Since the conventional isothermal compressibility on crude...
01 January 1970 5,113 1 View
Reservoir-pressure and Volume of Dissolved Gas: At a reservoir pressure 500 psi, the volume of gas dissolved in the oil should be at least twice as great as that obtained from the laboratory...
01 January 1970 8,507 2 View
Hubbert’s prediction on Global Peak Oil and Hansen’s prediction on Global Warming by CO2: Whether the observed deviation is associated with (a) the unprecedented technological advancement or (b)...
01 January 1970 7,053 1 View
Estimation of volume of strata that serves as reservoirs for the oil: If a reservoir strata has relatively no variation in lithology and thickness over large areas, then, it will remain much...
01 January 1970 7,141 3 View
Gravitational segregation of pore-fluids: Given the fact that the frictional resistance to the migration of pore-fluids will get enhanced very swiftly with the reduction in pore-sizes, what...
01 January 1970 4,112 1 View
Fossil Fuels and Global Energy Demand: Do we have a breakthrough in the development of renewable energy sources? If not, what will be the approximate fraction of the global energy demand that...
01 January 1970 5,473 16 View
Modern Grand Solar Minimum (2020 – 2053): What are the possible consequences of a reduction in solar magnetic field (mitigation of total solar irradiance) resulting from modern GSM? Whether the...
01 January 1970 8,282 4 View
Is there a solid proof that ensures the concept of hydrate-sourced methane reaching the atmosphere in amounts sufficient to affect the global-methane and global-CO2 budget?
01 January 1970 1,926 1 View
What exactly causes Global Warming? Have we NOT broken the thermal insulation on the earth's crust / upper-mantle provided by the fossil fuels? Is it NOT that fossil fuels by default act as a...
01 January 1970 260 20 View
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection: Spraying sun-dimming chemicals (sulphate particles) into the Earth's Lower Stratosphere and dimming the sun: With possible consequences such as droughts,...
01 January 1970 9,592 3 View
Flooding: Given the fact that the intensive development consists in completely drilling an area according to some definite geometric pattern, whether ALL of the given below advantages of an...
01 January 1970 5,811 1 View
Injection of chemicals - associated with a chemical EOR – typically involves the suspensions of sub-micronic particles of the injected chemicals – during its transportation from injection well...
01 January 1970 6,459 0 View
Desalination plants: From polymer-based to graphene-based: Whether graphene-based sieves can efficiently filter out salts? Whether the pore-size down to the atomic-scale (closer to 1...
01 January 1970 2,285 3 View
Where do we stand – with reference to the estimation of reservoir permeability – when the degree of reservoir’s heterogeneity (spatial variability) remains high? For highly heterogeneous...
01 January 1970 5,810 0 View
CYCLONE PHETHAI: Which factors predominantly govern the Inner Core Structure of a Tropical Cyclone (TC)? What exactly decides the structure and intensity changes of a TC? How does the...
01 January 1970 7,152 0 View
Chemical EOR 1. Will it remain feasible to quantify the dispersion of the injected chemicals (Alkaline / Surfactant / Polymer) – in the absence of reproducing the ‘true fluid velocity field’ in a...
01 January 1970 9,960 1 View
Hydraulic Fracturing Whether mobility and diffusivity will get influenced if the viscosity of the injected fluid remains significantly different from that of the pore-fluid in the...
01 January 1970 1,967 1 View
GeoSphere 360 3D Reservoir Mapping-While-Drilling Service: Leading to an Improved Characterization of a Fractured/Carbonate Reservoir? Can we grab the details of three-dimensional (volumetric)...
01 January 1970 4,146 0 View
Energy Policy @ Local and Global Scales: Are they same or different? With China and India alone would account for nearly 40% of Global GDP in the next couple of decades, whether the current and...
01 January 1970 7,474 1 View
1. In order for us to have a successful sand clean-out job, how efficient are the coiled-tubing technologies: (a) ‘Jetting Rotating System’; and (b) ‘Real-Time Fiber-Optic DH Telemetry system’ –...
01 January 1970 3,768 0 View
Well Killing Technology: Taking into account the high frequency of workover operations (roughly 1 well workover per annum), will it be feasible to solve the problem of preservation, restoration...
01 January 1970 6,670 0 View
Well Placement Optimization Techniques and Energy Dissipation Contour: Given the fact that (in an under-saturated oil reservoir, during primary recovery) a relatively larger amount of oil can be...
01 January 1970 6,014 0 View
Considering the relatively larger dimension along the horizontal fluid flow direction with reference to the reservoir thickness in the vertical direction, the reservoir should mainly deform in...
01 January 1970 7,196 0 View
Artificial Intelligence in Petroleum Industry 1. Artificial: Does it simply imply that this approach has no occurrence in a real field scenario (Is it no more a reality??)? If it is not...
01 January 1970 8,502 0 View
Rheology 1. With reference to ‘shear stress’ of drilling fluid, when the material deformation occurs by relative deformation of ‘n’ number of fictious layers - upon applying a horizontal force to...
01 January 1970 5,045 0 View
Artificial Intelligence in Petroleum Engineering 1. Whether AI alone - would be able to mimic a real oil/gas field production scenario - in the absence of reservoir simulation? 2. What would...
01 January 1970 2,384 2 View
Reservoir Engineering: Capillary Pressure Would it remain feasible to capture and observe the two macroscopically distinct, single-phase fluid flow regions (oil and brine) - separated by an...
01 January 1970 3,990 0 View
Alkaline Flooding: Enhanced Oil Recovery During alkaline flooding, the indigenous natural acids present in the crude oil - tend to migrate towards the oil-water interface; and tend to chemically...
01 January 1970 6,822 0 View
Reservoir Engineering: Contact Angle Measurement 1. To what extent, the ‘gravitational force’ plays a crucial role: (a) when the fluid flow remains to be perfectly horizontal; (b) when the...
01 January 1970 2,976 1 View
Reservoir Engineering: Wettability 1. Whether ML/AI will be able to diagnose an in-depth role of wettability effects that affects distribution of fluids within a petroleum reservoir – as a...
01 January 1970 6,369 0 View
Post COVID19 1. Apart from, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)/broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs)/mosaic-based vaccine regimens, do we have an explicit vaccine for HIV – almost 40 years after...
01 January 1970 5,069 1 View
Bone Fracture Healing 1. What exactly (physics or physical parameters) causes an increase in volume of local tissue following an inflammation – associated with the initial anabolic phase of...
01 January 1970 9,928 1 View
Reservoir Compressibility: Useful only in land subsidence? Feasible to deduce the compressibility of a petroleum reservoir (sandstone) as a function of fluid-pressure drop in a reservoir? How...
01 January 1970 3,722 3 View
RESERVOIR COMPACTION: Feasible to ignore? When platy fine-grained sediments get deposited originally (even before the commencement of hydrocarbon production in the pay-zone thickness), they tend...
01 January 1970 6,085 3 View
Chemical EOR: Polymer Flooding 1. If polymer degradation could be substantial @ elevated temperatures (over 70 deg C), can’t we expect the stability of polymers @ a relatively deeper depths (over...
01 January 1970 4,870 0 View
Defining the Departure from Darcy Regime If Reynolds Number represents the ratio of the ‘momentum flux’ to the ‘viscous stress’ (which can also be interpreted to be as the ratio between the...
01 January 1970 548 0 View
Effective Porosity: Feasible to measure? Since, most of a 'petroleum reservoir cross section' remains occupied ‘by rock’ and ‘by oil and water’ that remains securely attached to the rock...
01 January 1970 2,818 1 View
Reservoir Engineering: Darcy’s Law Henry Darcy experimentally demonstrated that volumetric flow rate through a saturated sand column remained directly proportional to (a) total head loss across...
01 January 1970 2,677 0 View
The secondary migration in a carrier bed commences, when the buoyancy of oil & gas remains sufficient enough that overcomes the entry pressure; and it remains a function of tilt and the height...
01 January 1970 946 0 View
Darcy’s law and pore-scale hydrodynamics: As against hydro-static equilibrium, during an oil production, when oil and water keeps moving (hydro-dynamic condition) through the pores in an...
01 January 1970 740 1 View
Areal heterogeneity and Sweep Efficiency: Areal-heterogeneity used in the estimation of Volumetric Sweep Efficiency is almost an unknown? Whether logging and coring appraisal wells will ever...
01 January 1970 7,135 0 View
Bernoulli’s Theorem The pore-fluids (water, oil & water) associated with an oil reservoir have internal fluid friction (or viscosity). Hence, the work done on water, oil & gas particles would...
01 January 1970 8,942 5 View
MEAN (Ave) – SD (Sigma) – Reservoir Heterogeneity: Given the fact that the probability density function for permeability remains log-normal, leaving aside arithmetic-mean, can a simple...
01 January 1970 3,427 3 View
Wind Energy 1. Unforeseen and enhanced wind turbine failure rates, mostly in newer and bigger models, are mangling 'wind energy' revenues? 2. Whether wind projects would remain to be...
01 January 1970 4,563 0 View
Reservoir Engineering 1. If connate water represents the water from fresh/marine sources that originally existed in sedimentary rocks as sediments were deposited before drilling, then, are they...
01 January 1970 8,749 0 View
What exactly we learn from the laboratory results, associated with Thermal/Chemical/Microbial EOR processes, when we know for sure that the up-scaling from the laboratory results to its...
01 January 1970 9,104 0 View
Blood Flow: Do we have a proper momentum conservation equation for characterizing blood flow? 1. Whether the dimensionless Womersley (Wo) number can be used to describe the transient nature...
01 January 1970 2,671 0 View
Underground Hydrogen Storage 1. Whether the low-density and low-viscosity hydrogen also could be stored safely and successfully underground in depleted reservoir and saline aquifers similar to...
01 January 1970 7,211 0 View
Chemical EOR – Part C 1. How do we know, whether, when exactly, the concentration of the injected ‘viscoelastic surfactants’ start exceeding the ‘critical micelle concentration’ as well as...
01 January 1970 6,601 0 View
Drilling Fluid Systems 1. In the context of gas hydrate bearing reservoirs; the low-temperature thickening of drilling fluids would generally lead to an increase in ECD @ bottom of the...
01 January 1970 7,378 0 View
Two-phase Fluid low in a Petroleum Reservoir Whether the inherent ‘hysteresis’ in a petroleum reservoir – has really made it difficult – in order to develop – appropriate models of oil-water flow...
01 January 1970 6,611 2 View
Darcy’s Law and the Role of Gravity forces and Capillary Pressure 1. Since ‘gravity forces’ have a pronounced effect on ‘pressure distribution curves’ for a definite range of injection flow...
01 January 1970 9,758 1 View
Recent study has suggested that mortality associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is more often associated with respiratory failure that increases the risk of unresolving VAP and is less...
01 January 1970 7,416 0 View
How sensitive is the Antartic Ice Sheet (that can potentially contribute to sea level rise of nearly 60 m on the global ocean) to the Global Warming? Why does the Rate of Thinning of Ice Sheets...
01 January 1970 2,545 1 View
Upscaling For an immiscible, incompressible multi-phase fluid flow in a petroleum reservoir, if the total flow rate plays an identical role as energy in ordinary statistical mechanics; and if...
01 January 1970 3,410 0 View
Fluid Pressure in a Cap Rock 1. How do we generally ensure (in a real field scenario) that the fluid pressure in a cap rock or seal (associated with a typical petroleum reservoir) remains always...
01 January 1970 7,685 0 View
Fluid Flow through Petroleum Reservoirs: Role of Reservoir Engineers in the last couple of centuries (1827 - present) From Navier-Stokes Equation in 1846 (derived by Navier, Poisson,...
01 January 1970 9,674 2 View
Polymer Flooding 1. If we need approximately 10 tons of polymer-containing water, which requires to be injected - in order to recover - just one ton of crude oil, then, how much...
01 January 1970 9,128 0 View
Gas Hydrate Inhibition 1. Depending on the size of methane/ethane/propane/CO2 (guest) molecules with suitable (high) pressure and (low) temperature conditions, if, different hydrate structures...
01 January 1970 5,405 0 View
Petroleum Engineering: Formation Evaluation 1. Since the formation evaluation techniques cover over 10 orders of magnitude (gross structure using satellite imagery [10^6 m] to micro-pore...
01 January 1970 1,659 3 View
