Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 08
1. To what extent, petro-physicists will be able to assess (a) log-core relationships;
(b) the feasibility of over or under pressures; and
(c) the extent of pay – in a carbonate reservoir?
Feasible to capture the changes in residual oil saturation and their respective spatial and temporal distribution, upon injection of external fluids during secondary and tertiary recovery; also, how exactly to handle the errors associated with the saturation distribution values?
Feasible, to easily delineate, the original and current fluid saturations, in each zone, in each well, in a carbonate reservoir?
2. To what extent, geo-physicists will be able to assess
(a) the intensity of acoustic velocities or impedances;
(b) acoustic anisotropy; and
(c) acoustic impedance trends – in a carbonate reservoir?
Whether 4-D seismic or geo-tomography would be able to help in monitoring fluid contacts, or, flood fronts?
Any possibility of having deeper potential hydrocarbon zones?
3. To what extent, the geologists will be able to assess (a) the presence of source rock in the geological column;
(b) the richness of the source rock;
(c) the seal capacity of the upper impermeable seal; and
(d) the importance of structure and stratification during secondary and tertiary oil recovery processes?
4. Whether petrophysical models be effectively applied in a carbonate reservoir? Even, if the number of unknowns remain to be lesser than or equal to the number of equations, will it remain feasible, to obtain, all the requires parameters used in the equations – associated with a carbonate reservoir?
5. Can density-neutron cross-plots (density log porosity vs neutron porosity) efficiently be used for the determination of mineralogy and porosity in a carbonate reservoir? Or,
density-acoustic cross-plots (density log porosity vs acoustic travel time) should be used?
Or,
neutron-acoustic cross-plots (neutron log porosity vs acoustic travel time) should be used? Or, density-photoelectric factor cross-plots should be used?
6. Can Hingle plots (where density log function remains substituted for porosity) be used for the determination of mineralogy and water saturation in a carbonate reservoir? How exactly to secure the values of ‘m’ and ‘n’?
How exactly to estimate water resistivity?
7. To what extent, the apparent water resistivity estimation would remain to be meaningful in a carbonate reservoir?
Should we apply the relation only in water zone?
How exactly to deduce ‘a’ and ‘m’ for the given carbonate reservoir, towards estimating the formation factor?
If we have to make use of water resistivity from spontaneous potential approach, then, how exactly, to deduce the correlation for ‘k’ as a function of formation temperature, towards deducing water resistivity?
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
https://home.iitm.ac.in/gskumar/
https://iitm.irins.org/profile/61643
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