CO2 Sequestration
[Convective mixing; convective fingering; CO2 dissolution, CO2 diffusion coefficient]
1. Following CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers, the injected CO2 streams tend to accumulate under the cap-rock because of buoyancy forces. If so, then, when exactly, the layer of free-phase CO2 would start diffusing?
How long will it take the for free-phase CO2 to get dissolved into the underlying formation brine?
To what extent (0.1%, or, 1%, or 10%), the dissolution of CO2 would increase the density of brine @ CO2-brine interface?
Will it remain sensitive to salinity, pressure and temperature?
2. How exactly to capture the induction of the convective mixing process resulting from the density difference between CO2-rich brine @ two-phase boundary and the underlying CO2-free brine (which generally remains to be gravitationally unstable)?
Whether convective-fingering and convective-mixing of CO2 dissolution are the same or different?
If not, convective fingering results only from the presence of impurities?
3. If the injected CO2 is no more pure (considering economic benefits); and, if it contains impurities such as CH4, H2S, SO2, N2, O2 and/or Ar, then, to what extent, these impurities would alter the density of the aqueous-phase, when they get dissolved?
In such cases, whether, density-driven fingering would remain to be sensitive?
Also, whether, the diffusion coefficient of CO2 would remain to be significantly different from that of diffusion coefficient of impurities?
And, these impurities would also influence the stability of the diffuse boundary layer?
4. To what extent, these impurities would tend to delay the onset of the convective mixing process?
5. How exactly the following three are correlated associated with the single and multiple CO2 impurities? (a) Viscosity of the formation brine; (b) density of the formation brine; & (c) the effective diffusivity of CO2.
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