Post COVID19

1. Apart from, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)/broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs)/mosaic-based vaccine regimens, do we have an explicit vaccine for HIV – almost 40 years after commencing their vaccine development?

With insignificant results with inactivated version of vaccines, can we afford to take risk to go ahead with the production of HIV vaccine with a live virus?

Apart from Therapeutic vaccines (Sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer & BCG for bladder cancer) that stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells; and Prophylactic vaccines (HPV mainly for cervical cancers and partly for throat/anal cancers) that kill viruses leading to cancer; - do we have a common vaccine for CANCER – almost a century after commencing their vaccine development?

While vaccines target a specific viral (or bacterial) germ, with more than 200 viruses (Rhinoviruses alone with 160 different types) could be responsible for the cause of a common cold, feasible to deduce a vaccine for a COMMON COLD?

Self-trained from our birth, can immune system be trained by vaccines – to recognize and fight off infection ‘precisely’?

2. When a vaccine development generally takes - somewhere between 5 – 50 years, what does a vaccine (pseudo-vaccine) meant for COVID19 mean?

Whether the immunological processes following COVID19 vaccination - remain to be distinctly different - from the way antibodies that get developed as a natural response - by immune cells - following COVID19 infection (naturally)?

While both the viruses targeting the respiratory epithelium, where does the disease ‘COVID19’ (that requires protein S to infect humans; and which continues even through warmer months) stand with reference to ‘influenza’ (that requires haemagglutinin & neuraminidase), which kills somewhere between 3 – 7 lakhs people per annum?

Whether the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 would be similar to that of ‘flu’ with time?

Have we ever seen the evolution of such viruses - at such a large-scale (accompanied with so many sequencing of the viral genome) - like - what is currently happening @ PRC? If so, could we easily come to a conclusion that COVID virus also - would probably become - less deadly with time - while it may continue to circulate across the globe?

Whether the kind of heterogeneity associated with this virus evolution deserve a special attention?

On a lighter vein, what is so special about COVID19 that make humans lose their sense of smell and taste – despite causing a range of symptoms?

On a serious note, why does the immune response from COVID19 remain individual specific - that drastically vary between asymptomatic and death?

With nearly 3.7 crore COVID (virus transmitted) cases per day in a single country (unofficial report), could we expect that it may ‘severely attack’ “only” very fewer hosts; and in turn, could we expect a lower Infection Fatality Ratio? On the other hand, if Sinopharm is considered to be ‘the weakest vaccine’, then, how many ‘very critical cases’ are to be expected per day – corresponding to such a huge number of COVID cases per day?

With the continuous introduction of new variants with time - along with the waning immunity, are we sure about the duration of the immunity produced from the vaccine?

Or

Is there no need to bother about the duration of the immunity - as most of us - by now - have a ‘finite’ degree of immunity - from exposure to prior COVID variants and/or vaccination and/or both that essentially helps us to lessen the severity?

Whether such vaccine produces ‘cellular immunity’ (not depending on antibodies for its adaptive immune functions and is primarily driven by mature T-cells, macrophages and the release of cytokines in response to an antigen - unlike the humoral immunity which produces antigen-specific antibodies driven by beta-cells) – in the absence of autoimmune side effects at later stages?

Or

Are we heading towards – ‘living with deaths from COVID19’ also – along the lines of ‘living with deaths from seasonal flu’ – with whatever innate immune response (consists of both cellular & humoral immunities) that our body provides?

3. Should we be contented with the statement that “most common side effects – for most people – still remain to be ‘non-life-threatening’” along with the verse that ‘getting vaccinated helps people - to get a feeling of more secured’?

Even with vaccination, whether would it remain feasible for us – to keep introducing - new vaccines - at par with the speed at which new COVID variants keep emerging? Could such vaccinations be recommended (age wise) or available for everyone?

4. How would the injected mRNA would get transported to reach all the cells of our body – by overcoming the frictional resistance associated with various membranes?

With RNA being a relatively unstable molecule - associated with their enhanced capacity of mutations (than DNA viruses), will RNA viruses ‘also’ remain thermodynamically and chemically ‘stable’ – along with its biological stability - until it reaches each cell of our body; and how challenging would it remain to enhance their protein translation performance?

Won’t it get metabolized before it reaches the (further away) long distance cells?

5. Whether the injected mRNA vaccines ‘uniformly’ teaches all the cells @ molecular-scale to produce a protein (or protein fragment) – that triggers an immune response? Whether the produced antibodies are being swept our body ‘uniformly’?

6. Do we have an advanced and detailed study – at least by now - on – whether – when and how exactly (spatial and temporal mass transfer) Lipid Nano-Particles (LNP) & Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) enter our brain system (apart from mRNA); and where/when exactly (after 1st dose or 2nd dose or 3rddose?) it starts triggering the immune reactions – and in turn, leading to a serious allergic reaction, if any?

In case, if LNP/PEG could get inserted themselves into our DNA, then, whether the kind of mutations that might undergo - could be transmitted to our offspring as well?

In the context of retroviral genes; and with a possibility of a reverse transcriptase; and with a possible retrograde pathway of DNA-mRNA-Proteins process; whether mRNA could get mixed with our DNA permanently and in turn, any possible consequences?

If not, how could we ensure the absence of mutagenesis of our DNA?

Feasible to prove that the synthetic mRNA will get degraded completely by host enzymes and in turn, it will not interact with the host enzyme – following their translation?

By any chance, is there a scope to modify our own genetic code (as a consequence)?

7. Is there a way to ensure that a person no more suffers from reactions such as immune, infusion, opsonation, antibody and complement reactions following the vaccination?

8. Whether the number of doses of covid19 vaccines and the number of the resulting side effects have a positive linear/non-linear correlation?

Whether the propensity for infection with COVID19 reduced significantly following the 2nd dose?

OR

Whether the side effects, if any, remain to be of ‘severe’ following 2nd dose?

Possibility of getting diagnosed with thrombocytopenia (following injection with adenoviral gene transfer vectors); or unusual thrombosis – despite all blood tests including platelet count and clotting-related tests being normal - following the 2nd dose?

Whether the complex coupling between platelets, leukocytes and endothelia deserves a special attention?

OR

Both remain to be true?

OR

Can vaccination-related side effects be clearly ruled out by projecting that the patient’s health history along with the complete clinical profile were not up to mark – even before vaccination?

9. Among AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm vaccines (across the globe), where do we find the most abundant severe side effects as on date?

Whether any of the above 3 has resulted in the absence of side effects or resulted in the absence of symptoms?

Which remains to be the most common post-vaccination side effects of the above three vaccines ‘individually’? (a) fatigue; (b) joint pain; (c) fever; (d) injection site pain and swelling; (e) chills/cold/numbness & tingling in limbs; (f) myalgia; (g) headache; (h) sleepiness & laziness; (i) nausea; (j) abnormal BP; (k) sore or dry throat; (l) clogged or runny nose?

Whether all the above three – were devoid of a detectable viral load and in turn, deliberated effective protection and prohibited viral interstitial pneumonia?

10. Whether Omicron subvariant BA.5 (higher transmissible versions of the virus) could fundamentally change the dynamics of the 'global pandemic' - in the first quarter of 2023?

11. With most of the countries having the minimal number of COVID cases, can we take it for granted - that the globe – on the whole – has been blessed/supplied with ‘continued immunization’ either naturally or through vaccines?

If so, are we sure about the (already) developed ‘population immunity’ @ global-scale? (For that matter, we should have gained ‘hybrid immunity’ as well – both from vaccination as well as infection with SARS-CoV-2). Of course, we got to think about – whether ‘what happens if both of them – get lost – gradually over a period of time’?

If not,

Do we have means to measure the immunity of individual members?

Or

At the least, do we enough data to deduce an estimation on the level of ‘community risk’ as a function of ‘vaccination rate’ and ‘earlier infections’?

in order to quantify the risk that BA.5 poses to a community - at a given spatial location - over a specific time period?

OR

Can we ensure that a given country - is not experiencing - a sharp drop in immunity – as of now?

12. With advances in detecting and treating COVID19, how about the public interest – in boosters - as of now?

Has it reached a plateau or would continue to decline?

13. The virus being significantly less fatal in 2022 - than it was in 2020 & 2021 - while spurring only limited changes in public behavior, whether India has already reached the endemic stage of COVID19 outbreak?

14. Should we really be concerned about the immunity-evading new variant that has emerged outside India (excluding the 3 recent cases in India)?

15. Would India be required to focus again on controlling this new viral spread?

Or

Would it remain sufficient for India – if appropriate strategies are deduced - for managing endemic disease - efficiently?

Or

Do we require still more ‘wider indicators’ in order to support the planning and disease management efforts?

16. Even with strong vaccination records, if any given country – starts losing immunity – as the pace of booster uptake gets dropped over time; then, the correlation between the ‘proportion of unvaccinated people with past infections’ - with its 'overall COVID19 mortality' - would still remain meaningful?

17. Having known the fact that previous COVID infection confers more immunity and protection against BA.5 than with vaccination alone; how about those people who neither got vaccinated nor got infected?

18. Following vaccinations, if we fail to get rid-off the residual non-organic additives – completely (and not partially) – from our blood - even after 4- 8 months (which may sometimes could never be broken at all in our blood);

then, are we supposed to be happy with the fact that the spike proteins have been neutralized to an unknown ‘extent’ (though not completely)?

Can such blood be claimed as ‘safe blood’ and in turn, could the same blood be used for transfusions to other patients?

If not, where should we look for such ‘safe blood’ in case of emergencies?

At least, as on date, whether covid19 vaccines are being administered – only after – its efficacy and safety have been fully evaluated in animal models as well as in clinical trials?

Whether the current re-emerging covid19 virus could have been well mutated in ways that would make previously operative vaccines and antivirals inadequate?

19. If mRNA & viral vector vaccines are loaded with the required set of instructions for the body to make a coronavirus protein (called the antigen – which are the parts of the germs that teach the body’s immune system to recognize and attack the real germ);

then, would it remain feasible to make use of ML/AI to trace and eliminate the small amounts of other ingredients that a vaccine contain (after few months) and which leads to allergic reactions?

ML/AI be used to get rid-off of side effects, if any?

20. With possible ‘rare’ cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (a rare neurological disorder, where the body’s immune system damages nerve cells causing muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis) – following the injection, do we seriously monitor the nervous system disorders, if any, following COVID19 vaccination?

21. What is the rate at which the efficacy of the COVID19 vaccine gets deteriorated with time – ‘in the absence’ and ‘with the introduction of each new variant’?

22. Even, if we manage to establish a correlation between vaccination and myocarditis (or pericarditis) ‘statistically’, would it remain feasible to track and link the origin of patient’s genetic factors that influence to ‘severe vaccination consequences’?

Even, it remains feasible, how would we ensure ‘the specific component’ and ‘the specific characteristic’ of ‘a specific vaccine’ – leading to such complications? (For example, reduced risk but with severe heart attack leading to sudden collapse)

23. Would it remain sufficient to address the reduction of COVID19 infection inflammation (through blocking of interleukin-6 receptor by monoclonal antibodies – in order to suppress the overreaction of the immune system) – in the absence of directly targeting SARS-CoV-2 – towards treating COVID19?

Whether the enhanced blood levels of IL-6, CRP, D-dimer & Ferritin – are directly related with the elevated levels of ‘cytokine release’?

If so, are they resulting either from ‘systemic inflammation’ or from ‘hypoxemic respiratory failure’; or, from both?

24. With Australia being over 90% vaccinated, while Africa with fewer vaccinated population, why is that the cumulative confirmed COVID19 death per million people remains much higher (nearly 650) in Australia than in Africa (nearly 180) – as of Dec 2022 (while average life expectancy in Australia being greater than Africa)?

25. Why does the cumulative number of confirmed COVID cases in New Zealand keep on (continuously) increasing from March 2022 (more than 2 million cases as of Dec 2022)?

26. Is it true that repeated COVID19 mRNA vaccination - probably - getting associated with a 'class switch' towards non-inflammatory, spike-specific IgG4 antibodies that may have a potentially lower capacity to neutralize COVID19 virus?

Does the relative contribution of IgG4 antibodies to the total pool of anti-S IgG increase over time?

27. Is it true that (a) pulmonary embolism (PE); (b) acute myocardial infarction (AMI); (c) disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) & (d) immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) - is found to be not uncommon - especially in elderly persons - following vaccination?

28. Has it been proved that the vaccinated asymptomatic person has a nasopharyngeal titer of the virus as high as an infected unvaccinated person?

If the purpose of the vaccine mandate is to prevent viral spread among the hospital staff and patients, then it is the vaccinated who present the greatest risk of transmission, not the unvaccinated. The difference is that a sick unvaccinated person would not go to work, the asymptomatic vaccinated spreader will. Is it true?

29. To qualify for a pandemic status the virus must have a high mortality rate for the vast majority of people, which it didn’t (with a 99.98% survival rate), and it must have no known existing treatments—which this virus had—in fact, a growing number of very successful treatments.

If so, whether COVID19 cannot satisfy the criteria for a pandemic??

30. Vaccine immunity not only wanes after several months, but all immune cells are impaired for prolonged periods, putting the vaccinated at a high risk of all infections and cancer.

Is it true?

31. The spike protein from the vaccine enters the nucleus of the cell,

altering cell DNA repair function.

Is it true?

32. New technologies, such as the mRNA and DNA vaccines, require a minimum of 10 years of careful testing and extensive follow-up.

Is it true?

33. The high concentration of spike proteins found in the ovaries in the bio-distribution study could very well impair fertility in young women, alter menstruation, and could put them at an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

The high concentration in the bone marrow, could also put the vaccinated at a high risk of leukemia and lymphoma.

Is it true?

34. Following vaccination, is it true that some of the blood sample reveal an enlarged crystallized RBCs containing a cluster bomb of reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) or Graphene Hydroxide?

35. Is it true that - in some cases - nano- and micro-Graphene tubes have been found in the COVID19 inoculated live blood causing pathological blood coagulation leading to hypercapnia, hypoxia and death by suffocation?

36. Is it true that - in some cases - we end up with an highly unusual ruptures of the aorta (caused by lymphocytes) in the presence of a spike protein?

37. For an healthy adult, whether the combination of Vitamin C (3000 mg); Zinc (50 mg); & Vitamin D3 (20,000 IU); Quercetin (500 mg 2x day); Famotidine (80 mg pepcid) would work better than Paxlovid (which is supposed to work relatively better early in the course of an illness — in this case, within the first three days of symptom onset) following a positive test for CIVID19?

38. Is it true that masks help in reducing the spread of viruses?

They aren’t perfect, but they help. And in a pandemic where hospitals are overwhelmed, every little bit helps a lot. Is it so?

39. How about the vaccine patch 'Hydro-Gel'?

40. How about the variant XBB.1.5?

Any info on it's transmission R value and infection rate?

Is it not a typical Omicron variant?

How about XBB.1.5 variant's binding affinity to ACE2 cell receptor?

41. Whether SARSA remain worse than SARS1?

Whether plasmacytoid dendritic cells do not reconstitute - even after 7 months - following a mild SARS2?

Missing pDCs in COVID19?

42. Does COVID-19 affect patients even after an acute phase and does it impair their quality of life (Long COVID / Life-Long COVID)?

43. Reference

SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy

Nature volume 612, pages758–763 (2022)

We show that SARS-CoV-2 is widely distributed, predominantly among patients who died with severe COVID-19, and that virus replication is present in multiple respiratory and non-respiratory tissues, including the brain, early in infection. Further, we detected persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA in multiple anatomic sites, including throughout the brain, as late as 230 days following symptom onset in one case. Despite extensive distribution of SARS-CoV-2 RNA throughout the body, we observed little evidence of inflammation or direct viral cytopathology outside the respiratory tract. Our data indicate that in some patients SARS-CoV-2 can cause systemic infection and persist in the body for months.

44. Reference

Myocarditis mortality with and without COVID-19: insights from a national registry

Published: 24 December 2022

Clinical Research in Cardiology (2022)

Conclusion: The burden of patients with myocarditis and COVID-19 in 2020 was low. Hospital mortality was more than six-fold higher in patients with myocarditis and COVID-19 compared to those with myocarditis but without COVID-19.

45. PCR TEST:

When PCR could detect almost anything microbial, was it actually designed as a clinical diagnostic test by Kary B Mullis (1993)?

The PCR test amplifies genetic matter from virus in cycles;

The fewer cycles required, the greater the amount of virus, or viral load, in the sample.

The greater the viral load, the more likely the patient is to be contagious.

Is it true?

Whether Cycle Thresholds - CT values need to be questioned?

Also,

PCR is a process that multiplies a sample of DNA/RNA until it is big enough to test, where the original sample is too small to start with.

The sample size collected by the swab, is more than enough to be tested without PCR.

Is it so?

46. Reference

COVID-19 Vaccines: The Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes and Menstrual Function. Preprints 2022, 2022090430

(doi: 10.20944/preprints202209.0430.v2).

Thorp, J.A.; Rogers, C.; Deskevich, M.P.; Tankersley, S.; Benavides, A.; Redshaw, M.D.; McCullough, P.A.

Conclusions Pregnancy complications and menstrual abnormalities are significantly more frequent following COVID-19 vaccinations than Influenza vaccinations. A worldwide moratorium on the use of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy is advised until randomized prospective trials document safety in pregnancy and long-term follow-up in offspring.

NOTE:

I highly regard every individual's faith and/or belief in any given subject.

And, this debate is not meant to challenge anyone or anything.