GHGs like CO2, CH4 etc

Numerous papers exist on this issue. Gases such as methane, CO2, Nitrous oxide (N2O) that have been emitted by human activities can radiate solar energy which has been trapped in the atmosphere causing global warming.

There has been sufficient evidence on the increase in the concentrations of the above gases linking to human activities. There has also been evidence on steadily increasing global temperature.

One of the issues with the above gases have been their relative time taken to decompose. For example CO2 could remain in the atmosphere for 1000 years whilst, N2O could remain for 120 years.

The use of fossil fuels introduce more CO2 and CH4, which would not have been released if fossil fuels were not in use hence there have been a focus on reducing fossil fuel use.

Dear Dr Selva,

Thanks for your time and reply.

My question is about breaking the natural barrier in the subsurface,

which acts as a thermal insulation.

The presence of fossil fuels form a natural thermal barrier that controls the heat energy radiated from the core to the surface of the earth.

If so, why should we blame only CO2 emission resulting from the burning of fossil fuels to cause the global warming?

Breaking this barrier also would allow large amount of heat energy in the form of radiation to get transmitted from the core to the earth's surface; in turn, increasing the mean global temperature. I am looking for this particular contribution of heat accumulation and NOT the heat accumulation resulting from CO2 GHG in the atmosphere.

CO2 emission resulting from the burning of fossil fuel is NOT the focus of the present topic.

Thanks.

Dear Suresh

I had to resort to a plausible explanation based on the existing scientific data on global warming, which according to the majority of the research to date caused by GHGs.

The earth crust warming associated with fossil fuel extraction, if such phenomenon exists, is extremely difficult to prove owing to other more dominant factors. Some articles suggest earth crust temperature has been dropping for many years (https://www.jsg.utexas.edu/news/2016/12/breakup-of-supercontinent-pangea-cooled-mantle-and-thinned-crust/) and others suggest such a phenomenon is impossible owing to relatively low energy transfer through the earth crust (https://grist.org/article/global-warming-comes-from-within/)

Groundwater warming can also be used as an indication for either earth crust warming because of your concern with the 'barrier removal' OR atmospheric warming. I could find numerous evidence for the latter than the former where shallow groundwater has been warming (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hyp.8008

http://eps.mcgill.ca/~mckenzie/reprint/Kurylyk_et_al_2014_climate_change_impacts.pdf

https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/18/4453/2014/hess-18-4453-2014.pdf). I am unable to associate atmospheric and shallow aquifer warming with deep activities such as heat from magma with the evidence in hand.

Kind regards

Selva

Dear Dr Selva

Thanks for the information.

I do agree that the warming up of groundwater needs to be investigated whether it has any relevance with the thermal radiation emanating from the earth's interior.

I also agree with your points on the dropping of the earth's crust temperature and the relatively low thermal energy transfer through the earth's crust.

Thanks.

Dear Suresh Kumar Govindarajan, Thank you very much for making very important inquiries on the Research Gate portal and inspiring important discussions on particularly important issues.

The issue of climate change, climate warming, rising average temperature on the Earth, the progressing greenhouse effect of the Earth and the associated new climate disasters is probably the most important topic for discussion, research and for human activity in the 21st century.

The topics related to the greenhouse effect on Earth, which are the subject of discussion, are particularly important and scientifically important and in the context of human life.

I wish you all good and best regards

Currently (October-December 2018) numerous weather anomalies such as snowfall in Spain, floods in Italy, almost summer temperature in some places in Central and Eastern Europe are recorded in Europe. From year to year, more and more warm winters are recorded in many places around the globe. In addition, for several years, higher and higher annual average temperatures have been recorded. More and more areas in Africa are covered by droughts, lack of rainfall and higher heat temperatures. In some coastal locations, off the coast of the oceans, in America, in Southeast Asia, in Polynesia tornadoes appear more and more dramatic. However, in Alaska, Canada, Norway and other countries where there are glaciers in the mountains, there are fewer and fewer glaciers. In the 20th century, a significant part of these glaciers melted. does it mean that the greenhouse effect on Earth is progressing so fast and is it already an irreversible process?

It probably already works globally, the greenhouse effect and weather anomalies in many places in the world are a derivative of this progressive global warming, ie the recorded rise in the average temperature on Earth.

In some places on Earth from year to year, the average temperature is gradually rising, but there are places on the Earth where there was no real winter before, there was no frost and snow, and in recent years such a winter begins to appear. Cold weather recorded in some geographic places on Earth may also be a result of a globally increasing global warming. This is one of the elements of more and more emerging weather anomalies.

Are current weather anomalies in Europe derived from the progressive greenhouse effect on Earth?

Do current weather anomalies occurring in many places on Earth are a derivative of the globally progressing greenhouse effect?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Unfortunately, more data and research centers scientifically confirms that progressively progressing global warming has become a fact. First and foremost, human activity influences this. The impact of natural factors is significant, however, the progress of civilization, industrial development, greenhouse gas emissions in the past few decades has increased significantly and continues to grow. The biggest problem may be the inability to reverse this process even if all of the industry, energy and transport are now switching to renewable energy sources.

In view of the above, the current question is: Is it possible that man with the help of modern RES energy technology would stop the greenhouse effect on Earth?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

What next with the global warming of the Earth's climate?

The report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows that greenhouse gas levels on the globe are the highest in 800,000 years. Further emission, which arises according to the authors of the report mainly due to the combustion of fossil fuels, will lead to climate changes, which will be the greater, the more intensive will be the release of gases into the atmosphere. The report is a synthesis of earlier findings of the IPCC.

The conducted prognostic analyzes show that if the industrial development proceeds in the same way as before, i.e. without the implementation of eco-innovations, without reducing greenhouse gas emissions, etc. there is a risk that by 2050 the average temperature on the Earth's surface may increase by another one degrees ° C. It would have been an increase in the average temperature on the surface of the Earth from the end of the first industrial revolution, from the beginning of the 20th century by two degrees ° C. Then the pace of climate change will increase so much that the global warming process can escape any control and then the person will not be able to stop or significantly slow down this process. In such a dark scenario, the average temperature on the surface of the Earth until the end of the twenty-first century may increase by as much as four degrees ° C. Then it will be several times the increase of any negative external effects of climate change on the current state. Slak of emerging climatic cataclysms, including tornadoes, droughts, volcanic eruptions, melting of glaciers in chains of mountain peaks and in the arctic circle region at the Arctic will significantly accelerate. The melting of eternal decay in the Arctic region will release further millions of tons of methane and the greenhouse effect will accelerate even further and in the XXII century an increase in the average temperature on the Earth's surface can achieve a geometric pace. Then it will be a disaster not only for human civilization but also for a large part of life forms on Earth. Pradoxically, man as a rational, intelligent being who, evolutionarily gained an advantage over all other forms of life on Earth and subordinated the whole planet to itself, may lead to self-destruction. Or maybe it is not too late to implement a new eco-friendly economy to at least try to stop greenhouse gas emissions and reverse unfavorable global warming processes? It is therefore necessary to promote and implement the principles of sustainable development within the framework of the new green economy.

Please, answer the following questions:

What next with the global warming of the Earth's climate?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Chart. Global Warming. CO2 emissions of greenhouse gases, a forecast of the increase in the average temperature on Earth. Source: NOAA, NASA.

With the warming of the Earth's climate, the risk of more dramatic climate cataclysms, including tsunamis, increases.

Tsunami may be a derivative of the global warming problem. Global warming generates an increase in climate disasters, including more cases of tsunamis.

But not only is the risk of more violent and more dramatic tsunamis rising. Also in recent years, there has been more other types of climate and natural climate catatics, such as droughts, rainstorms, tornadoes and weather anomalies.

I invite you to the discussion

The above discussion inspired me to the following considerations:

Will we be able to stop adverse climate changes, global warming, and the greenhouse effect on Earth?

This is probably the most important problem to explore and solve in the 21st century.

Unfortunately, many people, including politicians and entrepreneurs managing large industrial corporations ignore the seriousness of this problem. It is necessary to develop research in this area, in the matter of examining the determinants of climate change, global warming, rising average temperature on the Earth, progressing greenhouse effect on Earth. These problems must be publicized in the mass media. While it is not too late, while this unfavorable process can be partially reversed. Or maybe we can not reverse this process anymore? Maybe it's too late? What then, will we be able to protect, at least partially, the biosphere, natural ecosystems due to these adverse climate changes, anomalies and climatic cataclysms, from drought in many areas currently agricultural or possessing a rich biosphere? Research on these topics needs to be developed, publicized, and published. Perhaps, finally, politicians and owners of industrial corporations will change their approach to more pro-ecological. This is probably the most important question for the 21st century: Will we be able to stop adverse climate changes, including the progressing greenhouse effect on Earth?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

In addition, I note the interesting discussion inspired me to the following considerations:

How to develop environmentally sustainable economic development to slow down the unfavorable warming of the Earth's climate?

With the warming of the Earth's climate, the risk of more dramatic climate cataclysms, including tsunamis, increases.

Tsunami may be a derivative of the global warming problem. Global warming generates an increase in climate disasters, including more cases of tsunamis.

But not only is the risk of more violent and more dramatic tsunamis rising. Also in recent years, there has been more other types of climate and natural climate catatics, such as droughts, rainstorms, tornadoes and weather anomalies.

At present, it should no longer be asked whether global warming generates an increase in natural disasters only what rate of growth will be recorded in the future? So many data, research centers confirms the progressing process of global warming, that the problem is unquestionable. More and more data points to the growing risk of climate change, unfavorable for human and life on the Earth, increase of climate disasters, climatic and weather anomalies, which are the result of global warming, rising average annual temperature near the Earth's surface. Now we should just ask: How can these adverse processes be counteracted? What ecological technologies, renewable energy sources, how to help natural environments, how to rebuild them, such as afforestation, to build natural ecosystems absorbing greenhouse gases? How to develop ecological business ventures? How to create financing systems for this type of pro-ecological projects? How to dispel international cooperation in this matter? What actions should be taken to move towards the development of a new ecological green economy? How to develop environmentally sustainable economic development to slow down the unfavorable warming of the Earth's climate?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

What are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions on Earth?

The issue of reducing greenhouse gas emissions is currently one of the most important problems for urgent solutions in connection with the accelerating process of global warming.

The fact that the development of human civilization is largely responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases is an irrefutable fact confirmed by numerous independent research centers.

However, in individual countries, the development of industry is at various stages of development.

In individual countries, sources of greenhouse gas emissions can be presented in a different source structure of these emissions.

In some countries, in large agglomerations, the main source of greenhouse gas emissions is transport based on traditional combustion of fossil fuels, combustion of low-quality mineral and non-mineral minerals in domestic furnaces, and energy based on mineral combustion.

Therefore, I am asking you the following questions:

And how is greenhouse gas emissions in your countries or cities?

What are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in your country, in the cities where you live?

If you live in cities, is smog a problem?

Is smog the problem in your cities mainly in the winter season or also in other seasons?

Is the greenhouse gas emissions structure in your country significantly different compared to global greenhouse gas emissions data?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Chart. Global Warming. CO2 emissions of greenhouse gases, a forecast of the increase in the average temperature on Earth. Source: NOAA, NASA.

How to develop environmentally sustainable economic development to slow down the unfavorable warming of the Earth's climate?

With the warming of the Earth's climate, the risk of more dramatic climate cataclysms, including tsunamis, increases.

Tsunami may be a derivative of the global warming problem. Global warming generates an increase in climate disasters, including more cases of tsunamis.

But not only is the risk of more violent and more dramatic tsunamis rising. Also in recent years, there has been more other types of climate and natural climate catatics, such as droughts, rainstorms, tornadoes and weather anomalies.

At present, it should no longer be asked whether global warming generates an increase in natural disasters only what rate of growth will be recorded in the future? So many data, research centers confirms the progressing process of global warming, that the problem is unquestionable. More and more data points to the growing risk of climate change, unfavorable for human and life on the Earth, increase of climate disasters, climatic and weather anomalies, which are the result of global warming, rising average annual temperature near the Earth's surface. Now we should just ask: How can these adverse processes be counteracted? What ecological technologies, renewable energy sources, how to help natural environments, how to rebuild them, such as afforestation, to build natural ecosystems absorbing greenhouse gases? How to develop ecological business ventures? How to create financing systems for this type of pro-ecological projects? How to dispel international cooperation in this matter? What actions should be taken to move towards the development of a new ecological green economy? How to develop environmentally sustainable economic development to slow down the unfavorable warming of the Earth's climate?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

How to develop environmentally sustainable economic development to slow down the unfavorable warming of the Earth's climate?

With the warming of the Earth's climate, the risk of more dramatic climate cataclysms, including tsunamis, increases.

Tsunami may be a derivative of the global warming problem. Global warming generates an increase in climate disasters, including more cases of tsunamis.

But not only is the risk of more violent and more dramatic tsunamis rising. Also in recent years, there has been more other types of climate and natural climate catatics, such as droughts, rainstorms, tornadoes and weather anomalies.

At present, it should no longer be asked whether global warming generates an increase in natural disasters only what rate of growth will be recorded in the future? So many data, research centers confirms the progressing process of global warming, that the problem is unquestionable. More and more data points to the growing risk of climate change, unfavorable for human and life on the Earth, increase of climate disasters, climatic and weather anomalies, which are the result of global warming, rising average annual temperature near the Earth's surface. Now we should just ask: How can these adverse processes be counteracted? What ecological technologies, renewable energy sources, how to help natural environments, how to rebuild them, such as afforestation, to build natural ecosystems absorbing greenhouse gases? How to develop ecological business ventures? How to create financing systems for this type of pro-ecological projects? How to dispel international cooperation in this matter? What actions should be taken to move towards the development of a new ecological green economy? How to develop environmentally sustainable economic development to slow down the unfavorable warming of the Earth's climate?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Just due to any imbalance between natural composition

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Dear Dr. Dariusz,

Thanks for your lengthy and multiple replies.

I completely understand your concerns on the projected negative effects in terms of various natural disasters resulting from global warming.

1. Scientifically, ALL the possible sources/origins that are responsible for the enhancement of mean global temperature has NOT been anaylzed yet.

For example, we still have no proven results from the the thermal radiation effect associated with the deep subsurface environment as well from the troposphere (or beyond).

2. Even if the mean global temperature rises as per the forecast, I personally do not think that it will result in the extinction of human/animal lives as the system (earth) will always try be in a DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM, which means that the local parameters of interest may vary to an unexpected level (like more number of cyclones, typhoons or hurricanes) but still it will be balanced or nullified by the other same and equivalent opposite effect (like drought) in such a way that the system of interest always remain in equilibrium.

3. The increase in the number of natural disasters like hurricanes, tsunamis, etc.. may NOT necessarily result ONLY from the increase in mean global temperature. There are several other parameters that are yet to be explored. We believe CO2 is the only reason for the enhancement in the mean global temperature because we still do not have any relevant data from other possible sources/origins. I am not denying the impact of CO2 on mean global temperature but the claim that "CO2 is the sole responsible" needs a lot more investigation at a scale that is larger than the continental scale, i.e., the scale that connects the earth with the upper atmosphere (or beyond) and the scale that connects the earth's surface with the earth's deep subsurface (inner mantle or core).

4. The amount of data and the time frame to critically analyze and understand the behavior of the earth (and in turn, investigating the reason for the enhancement in mean global temperature) is certainly not possible within a (human) life span as such behavior may not be uncommon over a geological time-scale.

It can be noted that we need such a huge effort from a bunch of great scientists - just to install a single (small) satellite in its orbit precisely, while our planetary system with 8 planets (excluding Pluto) keeps rotating in its orbit precisely for several millions of light years (in the absence of any scientist's or human's control). For example, if the rotation of the earth's dip (angle) is slightly changed from its current position or the speed with which the earth rotates changes slightly from its existing value, what would have happened?

Can we imagine the consequences??

Do the humans / scientists have any role to play with such a galaxy?

Nothing catastrophic has happened so far and we are still running the show without much fuss on this earth.............

Earth's or human's (and animals) chapter will not get over in the absence of science and technology.

Science and technology has given us the virtual happiness to a fraction of the human community (rich/elite people) at the expense of exploiting billions of (average or below average) people's happiness.

Science is all about understanding the nature and not to exploit the nature for our benefit and comfort, I suppose.

Article Global Warming Mitigation Through Carbon Sequestrations in t...

The question is interesting as it highlights issues that rarely would be part of the discourse. It gives food for thoughts, but I think that others aspects are far more important.

Fossil fuel play an important role for CC, but more in the sense that burning fossil fuels generate CO2 and other gases which result in a greenhouse effect.

Even when I, as a social scientist, feel that the complexity of all this is not fully understood yet, I feel that major causes of CC have been identified. For now I think the effort must be to reduce (mitigate) the impacts of CC and to strengthen adaptation at the same time.

https://www.usp.ac.fj/index.php?id=22667