CO2 Storage

1.  Whether site characterization (aided by modeling and risk assessment) of ‘CO2 sequestration and storage project’ require any special understanding of ‘subsurface hydrogeology’ with reference to ‘fate and transport of injected CO2’?

Feasible to predict potential injectivity and containment issues in advance?

Should we bother about geochemical reactions on CO2 trapping at the early stages itself; or, can be given importance upon finding significant changes in reservoir/aquifer porosity and permeability?

How to predict the effectiveness of trapping mechanism from the forecasted CO2 plume migration in advance; and feasible to estimate the risks associated with the natural uncertainty present in geologic structures?

Feasible to validate that CO2 remains secured contained within the reservoir/aquifer, while ensuring minimization of CO2 plume extent?

2.  How to deduce maximum and minimum allowable bottomhole injection pressure of CO2 that may not cause hydraulic-fracturing or formation-fracturing?

3.  De we have a proper correlation between CO2 acceptance capacity of reservoir/aquifer to that of the tubing size?

4.  Whether the kind of advantages and disadvantages are going to be the same; or, are going to be different, for (a) dedicated CO2 storage; and for (b) associated CO2 storage?

Whether continuous CO2 supply remains comfortably ensured?

5.  Feasible to capture the ‘induced thermal stresses’ in the vicinity of a ‘wellbore’ (resulting from the existence of significant temperature difference between CO2 injection @ enhanced injection rates and the reservoir); and it turn, the way these thermal stresses negatively influence the ‘caprock sealing capacity’ either @ pilot-scale; or, @ laboratory-scale - under a range of effective in-situ horizontal stresses (5-50 MPa) that could lead to potential leakage of CO2?

Feasible to capture the way the rock compressive stresses get reduced, while simultaneously capturing the way, the shear-slip along the pre-existing fractures occur (or, sometimes, tensile stresses); and that eventually leads to enhancement in reservoir permeability resulting from increased 2ry-porosity’ when ‘fracture density’ remains ‘significantly-' "high" as well as "low’?

6.  Whether the thermal shocks resulting from such ‘thermal stresses’ would remain to be better for reservoirs/aquifers by enhancing their permeability through micro-fracturing; or, would these thermal shocks result in a significant damage of ‘caprock sealing capacity’?

Feasible to quantify these aspects either @ pilot-scale, or, @ laboratory-scale that includes the evolution of porosity and permeability; and the estimation of ‘breakdown pressure of supercritical CO2 fracturing’ by introducing anisotropic thermal expansion?

7. Feasible to delineate the possible pathways that would allow CO2 to migrate out the main storage reservoir – by having a control over the spatial and temporal migration of the injected CO2 plume?

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