Chemical EOR – Part C
1. How do we know, whether, when exactly, the concentration of the injected ‘viscoelastic surfactants’ start exceeding the ‘critical micelle concentration’ as well as ‘overlap concentration’ in a real field scenario?
2. How do we deduce the ‘cluster surface area’ and ‘cluster volume’ associated with the estimation of sphericity index @ laboratory-scale?
Even if oil blobs resemble a uniform sphere, should it continue retaining its shape to remain to be time-independent?
3. Upon practicing nano-based chemical EOR, how do we identify the number of isolated oil drops, the number of induced bridges and the number of completely enclosed holes associated with the estimation of Euler Number?
Can this number provide the actual connectivity of oil clusters in a three-dimensional pore space?
Feasible to upscale the observed 3-D connectivity oil clusters @ lab-scale to a real field scenario?
4. If ‘IFT reduction’ and ‘wettability alteration’ are not linearly related to the surfactant concentration, then, how could we deduce the upper limit of the surfactant concentration, beyond which the oil RF would no more enhance?
5. Would it remain feasible to capture the way the ‘contact angle’ and ‘IFT’ keep varying as the surfactant molecules get adsorbed over oil-water interface, oil-solid interface and water-solid interfaces?
Whether the injected surfactant molecules reach all these three different interfaces solely by free molecular diffusion – irrespective of pore-sizes? Can’t we expect the transportation of surfactants by advection?
Do they first reach liquid-liquid interface, and then, liquid-solid interface? If so, why?
6. How about the chemical reactions between the injected surfactants ‘against the solid grain surfaces’, ‘against oil’ and ‘against brine’?
7. Are we deducing the quantum of reduction in IFT directly from the adsorption of surfactants at the oil-water interface; or, by further getting into the details of the molecular structure at the oil-water interface that highlights the interfacial viscoelasticity?
8. Can we capture ‘interfacial turbulence and bending’ in the vicinity of an oil-water interface - associated with a ‘spontaneous emulsification’ @ laboratory-scale?
9. To what extent, the inclusion of salts in nanofluids remain sensitive to ‘reservoir temperature’; ‘formation fluid salinity’; & ‘formation fluid divalent ions’ - towards modifying their stability, IFT, contact-angle and rheological properties?
10. Feasible to optimize the concentration of nanofluids as a function of reservoir rock properties @ laboratory-scale?
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