Climate change leading to a 'Super-Dynamic' Coastal System?
1. Regarding the accelerated sea-level rise predictions associated with the melting of glaciers and ice sheets and from thermal expansion of water, where do we stand now, with reference to the levels of 2000, 2010 & 2020?
Where do we stand now, from '2 mm per annum' during 20th century?
2. If mean sea levels have already risen to the anticipated levels, then, at how many places across the globe, the coastal shorelines have got retreated?
And, how many low-lying areas have been inundated across the globe?
3. Have we captured any significant change in the run-off to the coast, resulting from (a) extreme rainfall events; and (b) enhancement in mean global temperature?
4. Whether the sustainability of existing coastal communities and natural resources have become a challenging task – associated with the climate change?
5. How easy would it remain for coastal economies in order to adapt to the changing climate?
How complex would remain to be the role of coastal land-forms and estuaries?
6. Do we have a control over the impacts and the timing of the impacts of the extreme events associated with coastal regions – resulting from climate change?
7. What exactly have we learnt from an enhanced erosion of beaches; and frequent flooding from rivers and tidal surge?
8. To what extent, coral reefs and shellfish have been affected by ocean acidification resulting from an enhanced uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the oceans?
9. How exactly waves, winds and currents have been altered resulting from sea-level rise and increase in sea surface temperature?
Have we observed any fundamental changes in physical forces associated with ocean circulation and sediment budgets?
10. Whether climate change has resulted in a significant variation in ocean circulation pattern?
Feasible to capture the effects of sea level rise given the wide range of variations in both spatial as well as temporal scales?
The answers to your questions are in my monograph "Modern changes in the level of the Black Sea as the basis for the strategy of construction development of the coasts". Look at several of the drawings analyzed in my book.
The first figure is the rise and fall of the coast relative to the shape of the geoid. It's about geodynamics. These are answers to requests about land flooding.
The following figure shows the dependence of sea level changes on increasing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. On this issue, see my discussion "Increasing carbon dioxide contribute to lowering sea levels? Is it possible?".
The other two figures provide information about the stabilization of sea level changes.
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