Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
1. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS): Where do we stand as on date?
(A) Whether the separation technology of CO2 from industrial and energy related sources have become technologically advanced and affordable?
(B) Whether the transportation of CO2 to the respective storage location site has really become easier and affordable?
(C) Where do we stand with reference to long-term isolation of CO2 from the atmosphere - using CCS technology?
2. Where does CCS Technology stand as against the following alternatives?
(A) Renewable energy sources
(B) Nuclear power
(C) Biological sinks
3. As on date, whether CCS has achieved the potential of reducing overall mitigation costs?
4. Whether CCS technology has enhanced the flexibility in achieving GHG emission reductions?
5. Which ONE of the following factors remain to be a major obstacle towards a successful CCS application?
(A) Technical maturity
(B) Costs
(C) Transfer of technology to developing countries and their capacity to apply the technology
(D) Regulatory protocols
(E) Environmental issues
(F) Public perception
6. Where do we use to capture the maximum amount of CO2, especially from large point sources, before it gets compressed and transported for storage in geological formations, in the ocean (direct release into the ocean water column or onto the deep seafloor), in mineral carbonates, or for use in industrial processes?
(A) Large fossil fuel facilities
(B) Large biomass energy facilities
(C) Natural gas production
(D) Synthetic fuel plants
(E) Fossil fuel based hydrogen production plants
7. The net reduction of emissions to the atmosphere through CCS ‘predominantly’ depends on
(A) The fraction of CO2 captured
(B) The increased CO2 production resulting from loss in overall efficiency of power plants or industrial processes due to additional energy required for capture, transport and storage
(C) Leakage from CO2 transport
(D) The fraction of CO2 retained
(the fraction of the cumulative amount of injected CO2 that is retained over a specific period of time) in storage over the long term
8. Which ONE of the following requirements predominantly dictates an efficient CO2 capture system
(pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion)?
(A) The concentration of CO2 in the gas stream
(B) The pressure of the gas stream
(C) The type of the fuel (solid or gas)
9. Whether the pipelines for transporting large amount of CO2 – have been successful so far – for distances up to 1000 km?
10. Whether the use of ships have really been successful for an efficient CO2 transportation, when the amount of CO2 per annum remains to be smaller than a few million tons, or, when the transportation remains associated with a larger distances oversea?
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
Professor (HAG) IIT-Madras
https://home.iitm.ac.in/gskumar/
https://iitm.irins.org/profile/61643
19-July-2024
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