Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 17
1. To what extent, in a carbonate reservoir, the concept of variography (which uses variograms to statistically characterize spatial variability) be used successfully in order to quantify the spatial continuity from the secured data through geological interpretation? To what extent, geostatistical approach (where, mean and covariance or variogram are the basic measures) remain to be distinct and better from that of a classical statistical approach (where, mean and variance are the basic measures)?
2. Can conditional simulation (which is not used to estimate reality but just to deduce realizations that have the similar degree of spatial variability and complexity as reality) be used to characterize a complex carbonate reservoir?
3. How easy would it remain
(a) to describe the vertical succession of depositional facies in core slabs identifying depositional cycles; and
(b) to identify sequence boundaries and high frequency cycles – from a vuggy carbonate reservoir? 4. How easy would it remain to distinguish between compaction effect (which is both a physical and chemical process from the increased over-burden pressure due to burial; and which remains to be a function of texture only) from that of cementation effect, as both tend to reduce pore-size and porosity, in a limestone reservoir?
5. Dissolution being a diagenetic process by which carbonate and evaporate minerals are dissolved and removed; and eventually, lead to the creation and modification of pore spaces in reservoir rocks; would it remain feasible to distinguish fabric selective dissolution from that of non-fabric selective dissolution, associated with a limestone reservoir?
6. Having known that carbonate facies remain to be more difficult to image seismically than clastic facies; and since, porosity remains to be affected by the stratigraphic setting and the depositional facies, to what extent, any inaccurate estimation of porosity would tend to enhance the risk and cost associated with the exploration and development of a carbonate oil field?
To what extent, transgression (long-term sea rise) and regression (long-term sea fall) of sea level would have influenced the carbonate porosity?
And, to what extent, the prediction of lateral facies changes in a carbonate reservoir remain to be challenging?
And, how exactly will we be able to delineate the reservoir boundaries?
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
https://home.iitm.ac.in/gskumar/
https://iitm.irins.org/profile/61643
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