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Questions related from Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
Groundwater Hydrology Vs Groundwater Engineering Protection of groundwater supplies, avoiding future groundwater contamination, and restoration of water quality in aquifers being the prime...
20 January 2025 8,170 1 View
Reservoir Engineering 1. Whether Stokes equation that characterizes low Reynolds number incompressible flow of a single-phase Newtonian fluid in a rigid porous medium governed @ pore-scale with...
14 July 2023 4,622 0 View
Methane production from a CBM Reservoir: In the absence of a conventional gas trap, what kind of hydrological conditions associated with a coal-bed may not allow an efficient de-watering...
26 February 2021 7,339 1 View
Groundwater flow through hard rocks: With dominant secondary porosity and permeability and characterized by anisotropies and extreme heterogeneities, whether the deduction of REV for a hard rock...
26 February 2021 7,457 0 View
Latest Forecast: Growth in Global Oil Demand to dwindle down from 10 Lakhs barrels/day in 2020 to 1 Lakh barells/day in 2030: What does it mean? Why do we focus only on reducing the fossil fuel...
22 December 2019 7,921 1 View
'CO2 in the atmosphere' Vs 'Solar Maxima': How do they influence the Mean Global Temperature?
15 December 2019 10,011 17 View
'Super Grand Solar Minimum' is about to commence: Are we heading towards a 'GLOBAL COOLING'? What is the major consequence that we can think of - in the event of - All the Four of the Sun's...
15 December 2019 9,174 3 View
If CO2 Levels in Atmosphere & in Oceans are assumed to be in Equilibrium; then, the respective fraction of ‘CO2 in Atmosphere’ & ‘CO2 in Oceans’ is a function of ‘Temperature’: Is it Earth’s...
14 December 2019 6,938 4 View
Smart Water Management (Reduction of Water Wastage & Enhancing Efficient Usage of Water Resources): A Feasible Technology in Developing Countries? With increasing growing population and...
14 December 2019 7,261 0 View
Following the discovery of New [Heavy] Oil & Gas Fields, Will Iran opt to exit from OPEC following Qatar & Ecuador? Will Iran successfully manage the 'Low recovery Factor' associated with...
14 December 2019 7,269 0 View
How does the Interfacial Tension (IFT) data deduced from a non-identifiable interface at the nano-scale such as oil-water interface (associated with a chemical flooding in a petroleum reservoir)...
18 October 2019 6,295 0 View
To what extent, the simple, conventional Leverett J-Function can be used as drainage-type capillary pressure model in order to correlate the capillary pressure and relative permeability - in the...
21 March 2019 9,457 0 View
CBM Reservoir: How efficient is the gas stimulation technique “Cavitation” {Open-Hole Cavity Completion} – as against – the conventional “hydraulic fracturing” in a typical CBM Reservoir?...
04 March 2019 9,086 0 View
Petroleum Reservoir - Well Test Analysis In the analysis of well test data, Is it fair - to extend the applicability of the total compressibility associated with the diffusivity constant in...
07 December 2018 8,450 0 View
Whether the approximation on the estimation of reservoir location from the well to be roughly around 61% of the drainage radius is valid only for a sandstone reservoir? Or If the same...
05 December 2018 4,106 3 View
Microscopic Darcy flux with the Macroscopic Darcy's law: How exactly do we bridge the gap between these two different scales? The Darcy flux (or the apparent velocity) pertains to the...
01 December 2018 8,153 2 View
In the context of Reservoir Engineering, we use "Intrinsic Permeability" (as against Hydraulic Conductivity); and we also use "mobility" or "hydraulic diffusivity". But, no where, "fluid...
28 November 2018 3,622 3 View
Is it practically feasible to know or measure the actual velocity of fluid motion or the actual cross-sectional area of fluid flow in a porous medium precisely? Is this the reason why - Are we...
27 November 2018 8,917 4 View
Can Gas Hydrates (a Green House Gas) quicken the Climate Change (Warming)?
20 November 2018 9,795 17 View
Whether NUMERICAL MODELS have really become the ARTIFACTs of inversion of field data to estimate hydraulic parameters in the context of modeling fluid flow through porous media?
13 November 2018 6,776 3 View
There are many reservoirs known to be naturally fractured that do not show dual-porosity behavior on build-ups, draw-downs or fluid displacement. If so, what could be the probable alternatives...
13 November 2018 1,818 3 View
If there is an intrusion of sea-water into freshwater aquifers, whether the cat-ion exchange is sufficient to account for the change in water chemistry?
29 October 2018 9,866 3 View
Is it that in hard-rock formations, groundwater character is essentially determined by hydraulic gradient rather than chemical rock-water interaction ? In case of hard rock formations, the...
29 October 2018 4,361 3 View
Pore Scale Modeling (PSM) for describing fluid flow through porous medium: Is it significantly different from Darcy’s macroscopic-scale modelling? Variations of fluid velocity and pore-geometry...
19 October 2018 2,133 3 View
Langmuir sorption isotherm is characterised by Maximum Sorption Capacity associated with the mono layer of sorption. Is there a feasibility that there could actually be more sorption sites than...
19 September 2018 5,721 5 View
Fluid Flow through a Conventional Gas Reservoir: Conventional diffusivity equation. Add the non-linear quadratic pressure-gradient term to account for the gas compressibility and reservoir...
19 September 2018 7,720 1 View
Field-scale permeability distribution does not have an unique description but it includes normal-distribution, log-normal distribution, multi-modal distribution and Levy stable distribution....
16 September 2018 2,620 3 View
CBM Reservoir - Critical Desorption Pressure - Gas starts desorbing and diffusing in coal-matrix. Which of the following approaches better describe the in-situ desorption of methane gas within the...
19 June 2018 891 1 View
A) Pore-pressure-gradient B) Fracture-pressure-gradient C) Downhole-mud-weight 1. Do we have specific variation pattern with depth for A, B, & C? 2. It is well known that the fracture gradient...
13 March 2018 4,241 1 View
LOST CIRCULATION MATERIAL (LCM) Mud Level Drop with Time With natural fractures: Marginal pit level reduction with time for fractures with small apertures, while an exponential decline in pit...
13 March 2018 1,050 3 View
Why does the concept of "turbulence" NOT finding a place in the design of gas well fracturing treatments associated with a porous medium? Actually Required: Turbulence concept while designing gas...
11 March 2018 5,834 1 View
Dear Sir/Madam, What exactly drives the fluid flow in a hydrocarbon reservoir - given the expansion and compression of reservoir-fluids and solid-rock-grains? (A) When there is ONLY a " constant...
11 March 2018 4,742 5 View
To perfect ownership in the oil and gas beneath your property, you need to be associated with a well - What happens to a farmer who owns a land with a potential oil/gas resource...
28 January 2018 2,827 3 View
Is it reasonable to assume a CBM reservoir to be homogeneous and isotropic with reference to porosity and permeability - even during - the later stages of production?
27 January 2018 1,649 3 View
How far, is it reasonable to estimate the in-situ permeability in fractured reservoirs using Injection / Fall-off tests? Which additional feature is expected to play a key role in deciding the...
27 January 2018 9,513 0 View
Whether the estimation of " skin " of a CBM reservoir is "very essential" at the early stages of the CBM reservoir production, when the cleats are completed saturated with the water (single-phase...
27 January 2018 5,259 0 View
The conditions required for the formation of natural gas hydrates occur frequently on the Earth’s continental margins (apart from a smart fraction associated with the Artic Permafrost): - Is there...
24 January 2018 7,176 2 View
In the event of hydrates forming within the high permeable fracture, whether Darcy’s law or Cubic law be used for describing the advection of natural gas or Random molecular diffusion (Fick’s 2nd...
24 January 2018 9,161 0 View
Is there any significant geo-hazard associated with dissociating gas hydrate on continental margins (excluding the facts such as (a) methane is 21 times more powerful greenhouse gas than CO2; (b)...
24 January 2018 5,980 3 View
Can we use the conventional Archie’s equation in order to estimate the hydrate saturation in a gas hydrate-filled fractured reservoir? Won’t the details on the fracture geometry, fracture density,...
24 January 2018 612 0 View
Multi-Phase Fluid Flow: Reservoir Engineering / Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources: Can anyone enlighten me on – whether – where could I get the field data on the following four parameters: (a)...
27 November 2016 3,913 2 View
In a fractured aquifer, how to distinguish the following? (1) Longitudinal and Transverse Dispersion (2) Transverse Dispersion and Matrix Diffusion (3) Matrix Diffusion and...
01 April 2016 4,428 2 View
In describing the transport of solutes in a classical porous medium, the concept of macro-dispersion or differential advection (resulting from conductivity variation) plays a crucial role in...
29 March 2016 3,927 1 View
(i) How does spatial and temporal distribution of radio-nuclide concentration get distributed as soon as it leaches out of the disposal facility, particularly in the near field, and that too, in...
27 March 2016 7,416 9 View
Given the fact that the nature of fluid flow varies from Darcy flow to slip flow for a given mean pore diameter (say, 100 nm) – when the reservoir pressure drops down by an order from its initial...
18 March 2016 8,384 0 View
Estimation of over-burden / pore / effective stress Estimation of settlement / consolidation
16 March 2016 6,293 4 View
Are there any references whereby we can get the details on (A) pressure in the vicinity of well; (B) pressure at the radius of influence; (C) the length of radius of influence; (D) the well...
16 March 2016 6,263 2 View
Diffusive transport of shale gas to remain non-Fickian Klinkernberg effect can be considered to be insignificant as the fluid flow is associated with a relatively high permeable fracture...
16 March 2016 6,257 1 View
Is it possible to capture the details on areal and vertical sweep efficiency at the laboratory-scale?? Is there any specific laboratory / pilot-scale study in deducing the microscopic-displacement...
16 March 2016 176 3 View
Jacob (1940): Because of the low permeability of clays (or shales), there is a time lag between the lowering of pressure within the reservoirs and the appearance of that part of the oil, which is...
16 March 2016 5,989 5 View
Does the organic matter associated with Gas Shales really get modified in order to provide INTERNAL MICRO-POROSITY during the metamorphism of the organic matter (apart from gas generation)?
01 January 1970 2,560 2 View
Sub-Surface Fluid Dynamics: Conceptual / Mathematical / Numerical Modelling Skills: Basic / Applied Research: Are we striking a balance between these models? Or Are We biased towards...
01 January 1970 4,438 2 View
Despite gas hydrate's role as a potential future energy resource, why does gas-hydrates present a large threat to the conventional oil and gas industry? The estimated value of global gas hydrates...
01 January 1970 9,346 6 View
The world has 3000 billion barrels of remaining oil (more than half of the World’s Oil Reserves) and 3000 trillion SCF gas in place (nearly half of the World’s Gas Reserves) in carbonate...
01 January 1970 8,679 17 View
Only Japan and China have been successful so far in extracting methane from gas-hydrate fields, albeit the fact that nearly 40 countries have carried out marine gas-hydrate explorations: Why is...
01 January 1970 1,449 3 View
Whether the permeability enhancement resulting from swelling of shale expansion has NO use at all? Background: Shale expansion from swelling increases the resultant over-burden stress in the...
01 January 1970 6,675 2 View
Where exactly, are we supposed to focus on the inhibition of hydrate-dissociation? Should the focus be confined only within the drill-pipe associated with the gas-hydrate bearing sediments? Or...
01 January 1970 470 1 View
CFD: When the solution algorithm is iterative in nature, and if the solution converges, then, Can we, by default, take it for granted that the associated fluid flow properties were...
01 January 1970 665 5 View
When agriculture (24%) and electricity generation (25%) together contribute nearly to one half of the green-house gas emissions {apart from transportation (14%); manufacturing (21%), building..."> When agriculture & electricity together contribute nearly 50% of green-house gas emissions, Will "Renewable Energy" alone be "THE SOLUTION" for GW?
01 January 1970 2,597 3 View
To what extent, the laboratory measurements - carried out in the context of securing details - on the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves of a shale reservoir would be meaningful,...
01 January 1970 7,577 1 View
Global Energy Demand: Where are we heading towards? Has global energy mix really shifted to low-carbon fuels? Has energy solution really varied over time and circumstances? Whether the...
01 January 1970 1,549 2 View
Will it be a Miracle to bring down the Production Cost of Petroleum Product (per barrel) resulting either from EOR or Heavy-oil to be at par with that of Conventional Oil? EOR or Heavy Oil...
01 January 1970 4,943 1 View
If hydrosphere is (fluid) mass conserved, then, Is it NOT about the " Reallocated Distribution of Water Resources on this earth"? Whether Global Warming really matters on a larger continental...
01 January 1970 2,572 5 View
Do we really have brains with varying characterization for men and women? Is it so difficult to strike a balance between emotion and intelligence for both the genders comfortably?
01 January 1970 9,880 6 View
In-situ Stresses: Whether stresses are being locally perturbed as a result of interaction with faults or lithological boundaries with depth? Are we really considering the ‘variations’ in...
01 January 1970 5,123 6 View
Is there any other critical factor(s) during the selection of drilling fluids (water-based, oil-based, foam and/or air/mist drilling fluids) for coring - besides the primary objective of the...
01 January 1970 9,344 3 View
Are we really characterizing, a continuous fluid flow of both oil and water - in an oil reservoir - throughout the production cycle (solution gas drive: both black-oil & volatile-oil...
01 January 1970 6,461 1 View
GOR (1) The magnitude of volume of gas required to move the oil through the reservoir formation to reach the well keeps increasing as the well becomes older. In such cases, if the production gets...
01 January 1970 3,583 2 View
Induced Hydraulic Fracturing by Water-Flooding: Whether the ‘fracture toughness’ of a consolidated reservoir-formation @ the beginning of oil production by primary depletion; and @ the beginning...
01 January 1970 9,892 1 View
Conceptual modeling of a Fractured Reservoir: Where are we heading towards? 1. Is it possible to secure the actual three-dimensional (and NOT the two-dimensional areal features - in the...
01 January 1970 2,605 2 View
BL Theory in a Fractured Reservoir: The Buckley-Leverett theory involves two systems which are similar in nature but are differentiated by time; and these systems may be described by the...
01 January 1970 4,766 1 View
Thermal-dispersion: An ignored heat transfer phenomena in Thermal EOR (by either injection of steam/hot-water or ISC)? 1. Relatively homogeneous ‘combustion tubes’ remain the primary reason...
01 January 1970 9,420 1 View
Influence of Hydrodynamic tilt-factor to Oil, Water & Gas production: Whether the presence of tilted fluid-fluid (particularly dynamic-OWC and not even GOC) contacts would still ensure the...
01 January 1970 1,984 2 View
Gas Formation Volume Factor (GFVF) as a function of Reservoir Pressure: Isothermal Compressibility below Bubble-Point (BP) Pressure: Since the conventional isothermal compressibility on crude...
01 January 1970 5,160 1 View
Reservoir-pressure and Volume of Dissolved Gas: At a reservoir pressure 500 psi, the volume of gas dissolved in the oil should be at least twice as great as that obtained from the laboratory...
01 January 1970 8,564 2 View
Hubbert’s prediction on Global Peak Oil and Hansen’s prediction on Global Warming by CO2: Whether the observed deviation is associated with (a) the unprecedented technological advancement or (b)...
01 January 1970 7,109 1 View
Estimation of volume of strata that serves as reservoirs for the oil: If a reservoir strata has relatively no variation in lithology and thickness over large areas, then, it will remain much...
01 January 1970 7,192 3 View
Gravitational segregation of pore-fluids: Given the fact that the frictional resistance to the migration of pore-fluids will get enhanced very swiftly with the reduction in pore-sizes, what...
01 January 1970 4,171 1 View
Fossil Fuels and Global Energy Demand: Do we have a breakthrough in the development of renewable energy sources? If not, what will be the approximate fraction of the global energy demand that...
01 January 1970 5,520 16 View
Modern Grand Solar Minimum (2020 – 2053): What are the possible consequences of a reduction in solar magnetic field (mitigation of total solar irradiance) resulting from modern GSM? Whether the...
01 January 1970 8,352 4 View
Is there a solid proof that ensures the concept of hydrate-sourced methane reaching the atmosphere in amounts sufficient to affect the global-methane and global-CO2 budget?
01 January 1970 1,986 1 View
What exactly causes Global Warming? Have we NOT broken the thermal insulation on the earth's crust / upper-mantle provided by the fossil fuels? Is it NOT that fossil fuels by default act as a...
01 January 1970 315 20 View
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection: Spraying sun-dimming chemicals (sulphate particles) into the Earth's Lower Stratosphere and dimming the sun: With possible consequences such as droughts,...
01 January 1970 9,642 3 View
Flooding: Given the fact that the intensive development consists in completely drilling an area according to some definite geometric pattern, whether ALL of the given below advantages of an...
01 January 1970 5,868 1 View
Injection of chemicals - associated with a chemical EOR – typically involves the suspensions of sub-micronic particles of the injected chemicals – during its transportation from injection well...
01 January 1970 6,503 0 View
Desalination plants: From polymer-based to graphene-based: Whether graphene-based sieves can efficiently filter out salts? Whether the pore-size down to the atomic-scale (closer to 1...
01 January 1970 2,337 3 View
Where do we stand – with reference to the estimation of reservoir permeability – when the degree of reservoir’s heterogeneity (spatial variability) remains high? For highly heterogeneous...
01 January 1970 5,869 0 View
CYCLONE PHETHAI: Which factors predominantly govern the Inner Core Structure of a Tropical Cyclone (TC)? What exactly decides the structure and intensity changes of a TC? How does the...
01 January 1970 7,203 0 View
Chemical EOR 1. Will it remain feasible to quantify the dispersion of the injected chemicals (Alkaline / Surfactant / Polymer) – in the absence of reproducing the ‘true fluid velocity field’ in a...
01 January 1970 10,012 1 View
Hydraulic Fracturing Whether mobility and diffusivity will get influenced if the viscosity of the injected fluid remains significantly different from that of the pore-fluid in the...
01 January 1970 2,027 1 View
GeoSphere 360 3D Reservoir Mapping-While-Drilling Service: Leading to an Improved Characterization of a Fractured/Carbonate Reservoir? Can we grab the details of three-dimensional (volumetric)...
01 January 1970 4,213 0 View
Energy Policy @ Local and Global Scales: Are they same or different? With China and India alone would account for nearly 40% of Global GDP in the next couple of decades, whether the current and...
01 January 1970 7,534 1 View
1. In order for us to have a successful sand clean-out job, how efficient are the coiled-tubing technologies: (a) ‘Jetting Rotating System’; and (b) ‘Real-Time Fiber-Optic DH Telemetry system’ –...
01 January 1970 3,835 0 View
Well Killing Technology: Taking into account the high frequency of workover operations (roughly 1 well workover per annum), will it be feasible to solve the problem of preservation, restoration...
01 January 1970 6,716 0 View
Well Placement Optimization Techniques and Energy Dissipation Contour: Given the fact that (in an under-saturated oil reservoir, during primary recovery) a relatively larger amount of oil can be...
01 January 1970 6,084 0 View
Considering the relatively larger dimension along the horizontal fluid flow direction with reference to the reservoir thickness in the vertical direction, the reservoir should mainly deform in...
01 January 1970 7,247 0 View
Artificial Intelligence in Petroleum Industry 1. Artificial: Does it simply imply that this approach has no occurrence in a real field scenario (Is it no more a reality??)? If it is not...
01 January 1970 8,543 0 View
Rheology 1. With reference to ‘shear stress’ of drilling fluid, when the material deformation occurs by relative deformation of ‘n’ number of fictious layers - upon applying a horizontal force to...
01 January 1970 5,086 0 View
Artificial Intelligence in Petroleum Engineering 1. Whether AI alone - would be able to mimic a real oil/gas field production scenario - in the absence of reservoir simulation? 2. What would...
01 January 1970 2,430 2 View
Reservoir Engineering: Capillary Pressure Would it remain feasible to capture and observe the two macroscopically distinct, single-phase fluid flow regions (oil and brine) - separated by an...
01 January 1970 4,036 0 View
Alkaline Flooding: Enhanced Oil Recovery During alkaline flooding, the indigenous natural acids present in the crude oil - tend to migrate towards the oil-water interface; and tend to chemically...
01 January 1970 6,883 0 View
Reservoir Engineering: Contact Angle Measurement 1. To what extent, the ‘gravitational force’ plays a crucial role: (a) when the fluid flow remains to be perfectly horizontal; (b) when the...
01 January 1970 3,025 1 View
Reservoir Engineering: Wettability 1. Whether ML/AI will be able to diagnose an in-depth role of wettability effects that affects distribution of fluids within a petroleum reservoir – as a...
01 January 1970 6,429 0 View
Post COVID19 1. Apart from, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)/broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs)/mosaic-based vaccine regimens, do we have an explicit vaccine for HIV – almost 40 years after...
01 January 1970 5,118 1 View
Bone Fracture Healing 1. What exactly (physics or physical parameters) causes an increase in volume of local tissue following an inflammation – associated with the initial anabolic phase of...
01 January 1970 9,982 1 View
Reservoir Compressibility: Useful only in land subsidence? Feasible to deduce the compressibility of a petroleum reservoir (sandstone) as a function of fluid-pressure drop in a reservoir? How...
01 January 1970 3,764 3 View
RESERVOIR COMPACTION: Feasible to ignore? When platy fine-grained sediments get deposited originally (even before the commencement of hydrocarbon production in the pay-zone thickness), they tend...
01 January 1970 6,135 3 View
Chemical EOR: Polymer Flooding 1. If polymer degradation could be substantial @ elevated temperatures (over 70 deg C), can’t we expect the stability of polymers @ a relatively deeper depths (over...
01 January 1970 4,921 0 View
Defining the Departure from Darcy Regime If Reynolds Number represents the ratio of the ‘momentum flux’ to the ‘viscous stress’ (which can also be interpreted to be as the ratio between the...
01 January 1970 602 0 View
Effective Porosity: Feasible to measure? Since, most of a 'petroleum reservoir cross section' remains occupied ‘by rock’ and ‘by oil and water’ that remains securely attached to the rock...
01 January 1970 2,880 1 View
Reservoir Engineering: Darcy’s Law Henry Darcy experimentally demonstrated that volumetric flow rate through a saturated sand column remained directly proportional to (a) total head loss across...
01 January 1970 2,721 0 View
The secondary migration in a carrier bed commences, when the buoyancy of oil & gas remains sufficient enough that overcomes the entry pressure; and it remains a function of tilt and the height...
01 January 1970 989 0 View
Darcy’s law and pore-scale hydrodynamics: As against hydro-static equilibrium, during an oil production, when oil and water keeps moving (hydro-dynamic condition) through the pores in an...
01 January 1970 787 1 View
Areal heterogeneity and Sweep Efficiency: Areal-heterogeneity used in the estimation of Volumetric Sweep Efficiency is almost an unknown? Whether logging and coring appraisal wells will ever...
01 January 1970 7,183 0 View
Bernoulli’s Theorem The pore-fluids (water, oil & water) associated with an oil reservoir have internal fluid friction (or viscosity). Hence, the work done on water, oil & gas particles would...
01 January 1970 9,022 5 View
MEAN (Ave) – SD (Sigma) – Reservoir Heterogeneity: Given the fact that the probability density function for permeability remains log-normal, leaving aside arithmetic-mean, can a simple...
01 January 1970 3,484 3 View
Wind Energy 1. Unforeseen and enhanced wind turbine failure rates, mostly in newer and bigger models, are mangling 'wind energy' revenues? 2. Whether wind projects would remain to be...
01 January 1970 4,654 0 View
Reservoir Engineering 1. If connate water represents the water from fresh/marine sources that originally existed in sedimentary rocks as sediments were deposited before drilling, then, are they...
01 January 1970 8,793 0 View
What exactly we learn from the laboratory results, associated with Thermal/Chemical/Microbial EOR processes, when we know for sure that the up-scaling from the laboratory results to its...
01 January 1970 9,146 0 View
Blood Flow: Do we have a proper momentum conservation equation for characterizing blood flow? 1. Whether the dimensionless Womersley (Wo) number can be used to describe the transient nature...
01 January 1970 2,711 0 View
Underground Hydrogen Storage 1. Whether the low-density and low-viscosity hydrogen also could be stored safely and successfully underground in depleted reservoir and saline aquifers similar to...
01 January 1970 7,260 0 View
Chemical EOR – Part C 1. How do we know, whether, when exactly, the concentration of the injected ‘viscoelastic surfactants’ start exceeding the ‘critical micelle concentration’ as well as...
01 January 1970 6,647 0 View
Drilling Fluid Systems 1. In the context of gas hydrate bearing reservoirs; the low-temperature thickening of drilling fluids would generally lead to an increase in ECD @ bottom of the...
01 January 1970 7,420 0 View
Two-phase Fluid low in a Petroleum Reservoir Whether the inherent ‘hysteresis’ in a petroleum reservoir – has really made it difficult – in order to develop – appropriate models of oil-water flow...
01 January 1970 6,671 2 View
Darcy’s Law and the Role of Gravity forces and Capillary Pressure 1. Since ‘gravity forces’ have a pronounced effect on ‘pressure distribution curves’ for a definite range of injection flow...
01 January 1970 9,810 1 View
Recent study has suggested that mortality associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is more often associated with respiratory failure that increases the risk of unresolving VAP and is less...
01 January 1970 7,453 0 View
How sensitive is the Antartic Ice Sheet (that can potentially contribute to sea level rise of nearly 60 m on the global ocean) to the Global Warming? Why does the Rate of Thinning of Ice Sheets...
01 January 1970 2,602 1 View
Upscaling For an immiscible, incompressible multi-phase fluid flow in a petroleum reservoir, if the total flow rate plays an identical role as energy in ordinary statistical mechanics; and if...
01 January 1970 3,454 0 View
Fluid Pressure in a Cap Rock 1. How do we generally ensure (in a real field scenario) that the fluid pressure in a cap rock or seal (associated with a typical petroleum reservoir) remains always...
01 January 1970 7,741 0 View
Fluid Flow through Petroleum Reservoirs: Role of Reservoir Engineers in the last couple of centuries (1827 - present) From Navier-Stokes Equation in 1846 (derived by Navier, Poisson,...
01 January 1970 9,727 2 View
Polymer Flooding 1. If we need approximately 10 tons of polymer-containing water, which requires to be injected - in order to recover - just one ton of crude oil, then, how much...
01 January 1970 9,166 0 View
Gas Hydrate Inhibition 1. Depending on the size of methane/ethane/propane/CO2 (guest) molecules with suitable (high) pressure and (low) temperature conditions, if, different hydrate structures...
01 January 1970 5,444 0 View
Petroleum Engineering: Formation Evaluation 1. Since the formation evaluation techniques cover over 10 orders of magnitude (gross structure using satellite imagery [10^6 m] to micro-pore...
01 January 1970 1,706 3 View
Climate change: Problem would remain solved by giving up the use of fossil fuels? 1. In the context of ‘global greenhouse gas emissions by gas’, even if we ignore (a) CO2 release from forestry...
01 January 1970 1,373 8 View
Reservoir Engineering: Are we strictly following continuum hypothesis in a petroleum reservoir? 1. With the possibility of multiple (tortuous) pathways, which pathway remains the fastest (or...
01 January 1970 5,675 0 View
Reservoir Engineering: Darcy’s Law Since, Darcy’s law represents the simplified version of ‘fluid momentum conservation’ deduced from Navier-Stokes equation, how can the associated reservoir...
01 January 1970 6,742 0 View
Reservoir Engineering 1. Feasible to capture the transition between (a) and (b) @ laboratory-scale? (a) where, an oil phase gets disconnected into blobs (and remain strongly influenced by...
01 January 1970 6,258 1 View
Reservoir Engineering: Data handling by ML During reservoir characterization and reservoir engineering applications, we got to deal with ‘data’ from ‘multiple sources’ gathered @ ‘various...
01 January 1970 591 0 View
CO2 Sequestration 1. At the laboratory-scale investigation, how do we justify, the selection of suitable geological formations for storing CO2 - associated with the field-scale investigation...
01 January 1970 8,176 1 View
Petroleum Reservoir Geo-mechanics 1. To what extent, whether the common assumption of principal stress falling in the vertical plane - with other two stresses falling in the horizontal plane –...
01 January 1970 745 1 View
Reservoir Geology As against ‘sandstone reservoirs’, ‘carbonate reservoirs’ are usually characterized by ‘extreme’ and more often ‘random’ variations of porosity, permeability and rock-type...
01 January 1970 9,403 1 View
Reservoir Engineering Leaving aside the applications on ‘thermal recovery of heavy oil’ and ‘reservoir compaction’ (subsidence), whether, the (conventionally encountered) ‘changes in temperature’...
01 January 1970 6,912 0 View
Natural Gas Hydrates Whether the triggering of a phase-change from hydrates to gas and water – during gas production – by depressurization/thermal-stimulation/chemical-inhibitor-injection -...
01 January 1970 3,605 1 View
AI set to become ‘super power’ in the absence of sixth-sense? And, what would happen to AI, if there happens to be an earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejection that significantly unsettles the...
01 January 1970 3,455 1 View
Reservoir Engineering 1. What is the very purpose of replacing ‘hydraulic head’ by ‘pressure head’ in PE? 2. Whether the concept of ‘total head’ could afford to ignore kinetic head in the...
01 January 1970 4,689 0 View
Pseudo-Steady fluid flow through an oil reservoir: Feasible under special circumstances? When multi-phase fluid (water, oil and gas) is flowing out of an under-saturated oil reservoir – towards...
01 January 1970 7,299 1 View
Drilling Fluid Systems 1. Drilling fluid being ‘the blood of the drilling process’ essentially relates - either directly or indirectly - to ‘the problems or solutions’ of wellbore...
01 January 1970 8,099 0 View
Reservoir Geomechanics 1. When exactly, we are forced to consider a petroleum reservoir to be a deformable body? OR Are we supposed to consider a petroleum reservoir, by default, a deformable...
01 January 1970 7,739 0 View
Data Science in Carbonate Reservoirs: Feasible to train data with ease? If carbonate genesis and diagenetic overprint could produce ‘complex multi-scale pore structures’ that could...
01 January 1970 4,202 0 View
Reservoir Heterogeneity With Darcian approach (considering only macroscopic fluctuations despite the reservoir being heterogeneous microscopically and involving frequency as well as spatial...
01 January 1970 6,636 2 View
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 1. Apart from ‘reversal of wettability’, to what extent, chemical EOR by the addition of nano-particles in the absence of surfactants (or stabilizers or surfactant-like...
01 January 1970 4,229 1 View
Reservoir Engineering – Permeability 1. To what extent, the concept of ‘scale-dependent permeability’ (as against, single-valued ’average reservoir permeability’) remains critical – while...
01 January 1970 9,681 1 View
Are there significant differences between core-flooding parameters and its respective up-scaled model (field-scale petroleum reservoir) resulting from model, scale and/or measurement effects? A...
01 January 1970 5,024 0 View
Inter-facial Tension (IFT) Whether Young and Dupre Equations will remain valid either during secondary or tertiary oil recovery? How about their validity in an oil-wet and a carbonate...
01 January 1970 8,985 0 View
Reservoir Engineering 1. Whether the way, by which viscous, capillary and gravity forces consume energy from a petroleum reservoir; and eventually, the way, they produce fluid through the...
01 January 1970 573 0 View
Solar energy 1. Are we really convinced with the abundant number of required solar panels – for a given energy output – associated with the relatively lower energy density of solar power – in...
01 January 1970 2,417 0 View
Geo-mechanics based Pore-geometry Since the magnitude of ‘threshold capillary pressure’ (the minimum entry pressure required to initiate the displacement of a defending phase by an invading phase...
01 January 1970 6,853 0 View
Dynamics of a droplet in an inclined constricted capillary channel (Analysis of snap-off of a droplet) How easy will it be - to maintain a ‘constant flow rate’ – by having a control over the...
01 January 1970 9,030 0 View
Waxy Crude Oils: Darcy’s Law for Thixotropic Fluids? Case (A): For ordinary crude oils with Newtonian behavior: With porosity and permeability defined as macroscopic parameters, the volumetric...
01 January 1970 9,964 0 View
The average fluid velocity is deduced from NSE (Navier-Stokes-Equation). Now, an analogy is made with the Darcy's law and eventually, a relation for an intrinsic permeability is deduced as a...
01 January 1970 3,557 2 View
Fingering 1. How exactly the concept of ‘fingering’ (tongues of displacing fluid forming @ interface, when displacing fluid moves more easily than the displaced one) needs to be...
01 January 1970 6,725 0 View
Quantitative Estimation of Reservoir Dynamic Properties 1. Does 4D Seismic data really complement well production information that remains spatially sparse and temporally dense by essentially...
01 January 1970 5,414 1 View
Reservoir Heterogeneity If the pore structure remains to be no more ‘isotropic’ and thereby possibly leading to ‘asymmetric stresses’ in a sandstone reservoir, can we expect a corresponding...
01 January 1970 5,236 0 View
Sand Production 1. We may end up with ‘sanding’ (flow of sand-grains or particles into the wellbore along with hydrocarbons – leading to damages such as erosion on surface facilities and...
01 January 1970 3,042 1 View
Drilling 1. If the stress fields in drilling remain characterized by high spatial gradients of stress; and if the stress gradients are known to interact with rock fracture properties; then,...
01 January 1970 3,556 0 View
Role of Machine Learning (ML) in Drilling Fluid Design 1. Drilling fluid essentially relates either directly or indirectly to ‘the problems or solutions’ of wellbore instability; lost...
01 January 1970 3,398 0 View
LAND SUBSIDENCE Whether capturing the minute variations in earth’s surface using continuous Global Positioning System; or, Extensometers; or, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar would...
01 January 1970 7,265 2 View
Formation Evaluation: Fractured Reservoir 1. During exploration phase, how precisely would we be able to define the prospective structure of a fractured reservoir field by using seismic records,...
01 January 1970 1,095 2 View
Reservoir Geomechanics 1. Why do we need to forecast both the ‘stress-regimes’ and ‘pore-pressure distribution’ prior to drilling? 2. Feasible to capture the evolution of ‘restructuring of...
01 January 1970 7,580 2 View
What drives the fluid flow during Primary Migration? How does the hydrocarbon move within a non-reservoir rock (source rock), before it starts heading towards a reservoir rock? Is it just...
01 January 1970 2,205 10 View
Drilling Fluids Having known that, nearly, none of the developed rheological models remain universal enough to describe precisely, the behavior of drilling fluids in a wide range of shear rates,...
01 January 1970 5,596 0 View
Fluid Flow through CBM Reservoirs 1. Feasible to quantify ‘gas storage capacity’ and ‘diffusion coefficient of coal’ as a function of ‘pore-structure’ evolution and it’s influence on gas-solid...
01 January 1970 1,567 0 View
While fabricating micro-models that mimics a carbonate reservoir, synthetic “oil-wetting solid surfaces” and synthetic “high permeable fractures” are introduced to alter the wettability of the...
01 January 1970 8,708 10 View
Groundwater Hydrology Distribution and Movement of Groundwater: Do we have the required data? Apart from the data on (a) the amount of rainfall; and (b) the details of aquifer and fluid...
01 January 1970 2,649 3 View
Electric Vehicles 1. Where do we stand now – with reference to an electric car driver’s complain about the awkward and unreliable charging infrastructure which makes long-distance travel a...
01 January 1970 6,863 4 View
Machine Learning (ML) in Reservoir Engineering 1. In the context of reservoir modeling, can we treat the ‘conceptual model’ as “actions”, where ML would treat each physical, chemical or...
01 January 1970 5,422 0 View
Whether relatively permeability in an oil-water petroleum reservoir system depends on the following (a) Viscosity Ratio (b) Capillary Number (c) Interfacial area between two immiscible...
01 January 1970 3,353 0 View
Hydraulic Stimulation 1. Whether reservoir stimulation has really achieved its objective successfully in enhancing the resultant ‘hydraulic-connectivity’ (reservoir permeability)? How far have we...
01 January 1970 4,862 0 View
RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1. When we use parabolic dominant one-dimensional diffusion equation for describing gas flow, won’t the coefficients permeability, gas compressibility and porosity - remain...
01 January 1970 3,848 0 View
Fundamental Reservoir Units While the storage capacity of a reservoir remains determined by the ‘reservoir porosity’ (texture); and the ‘transmissive capacity’ (the ease with which the fluids...
01 January 1970 5,368 0 View
Petroleum Geo-mechanics 1. Whether Karl Terzaghi’s ‘effective stress principle’ on ‘consolidation’ – with reference to ‘fluid-rock interaction’ – associated with a ‘transient hydraulic behavior...
01 January 1970 1,021 0 View
Clean energy projects: 'Developed world (and China)' Vs ‘Rest of the World’? The investments in solar power are on course to overtake spending on oil production for the first time: What does...
01 January 1970 4,767 1 View
Any chance of high oil prices - really inducing - more discoveries - which then - may lead to the enhancement in the amount of proven reserves? Environmental protests and government restrictions...
01 January 1970 2,199 0 View
Feasible to define reservoir fluid flow under steady-state conditions? If a well is drilled in a petroleum reservoir – that penetrates the entire thickness of the reservoir (pay-zone...
01 January 1970 1,890 1 View
DFN Approach for Fractured Reservoirs: Suitable at local-scale? DFN approach (a) may easily incorporate field-data; (b) may render near-realistic fracture networks that may possibly include...
01 January 1970 9,264 0 View
CARBONATE RESERVOIR CHARACTAERIZATION 1. As against primary porosity - either inter-granular or intra-particle porosity (which mostly remain insensitive to stresses and thereby not actively...
01 January 1970 3,799 1 View
Flow of Newtonian fluids through an Oil Reservoir: In a producing oil reservoir, in a radial coordinate system (as against unidirectional fluid flow) under non-isothermal conditions, will the...
01 January 1970 3,700 5 View
GOR Variation in Fractured Carbonate Reservoir: Different from a sandstone reservoir? Whether the following statements associated with a sandstone reservoir – will also remain true for a...
01 January 1970 5,825 1 View
Current crude oil production approaching nearly 100 million barrels per day: How long will it sustain? Currently only 30% of the production pertains to carbonate reservoir, while 70% production...
01 January 1970 5,961 6 View
RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1. Whether reservoir thickness and cross sectional area do not affect the RF at all during water-flooding? 2. Whether the cumulative oil production no more depends on...
01 January 1970 1,748 0 View
Reservoir Simulation 1. To what extent, the pore-scale modeling methods remain useful in predicting ‘the macroscopic properties’ of reservoir rock/fluid properties - towards describing the...
01 January 1970 4,363 0 View
To what extent, the efficiency of the ‘reservoir drive mechanisms’ will be dictated by (a) the back-pressure from the atmosphere - resulting from the weight of the fluid column in the...
01 January 1970 3,164 0 View
Reservoir Engineering: Assumptions of Darcy’s Law Under what circumstances, ALL the following conditions remain valid in a petroleum reservoir? (a) Darcy’s law representing the classic...
01 January 1970 6,894 0 View
Reservoir Engineering 1. Under reservoir compartmentalization, how easy would it remain to deduce the ‘depth of free water level’ (where, buoyancy pressure remains zero in a reservoir-aquifer...
01 January 1970 3,560 1 View
Low Salinity Water Flooding (LSWF) 1. LSWF: Is it an IOR (injection of produced water) or an EOR technique (injection of water with altered chemistry); or neither? 2. Feasible to...
01 January 1970 5,217 0 View
Reservoir Engineering 1. Capillary pressure not being uniquely dependent on saturation, how easy would it remain to deduce the data on the saturation history of the core (hysteresis) @...
01 January 1970 6,439 0 View
EOR: Contact Angle 1. Dynamic contact angle remains equal to the static contact angle, only when, the flow velocity remains to be very small. How easy would it remain to figure out such a...
01 January 1970 9,240 2 View
EPA data projects that in 2017, Oil & Gas sector methane emissions have topped 200 million tons of CO2-Equivalent. If so, Are we biased towards CO2 emission, while still ignoring methane emission?
01 January 1970 9,026 4 View
Are we receiving necessary information for amply assessing the groundwater pollution potential? OR Are we biased towards the hydro-geological settings (that potentially decides the transport...
01 January 1970 3,526 3 View
Artificial Intelligence 1. Human brain (1.35 Kg) containing around 100 billion neurons and 100 trillion nerve fibers connections, the way two halves (right & left brain) of our brain work...
01 January 1970 9,660 1 View
Sun and Earth: How friendly are they? 1. Feasible to 'prevent or slow-down', the Sun transforming Hydrogen into Helium? If so, are we not allowing to decrease the proportion of Hydrogen at...
01 January 1970 8,733 0 View
Sun’s Energy Budget: Has any relevance with Earth’s Climate? 1. How do we exactly know, whether, 4 million tons of mass gets converted into energy each second, by considering, 600 million...
01 January 1970 5,524 1 View
Reservoir Simulation Whether the concept of (standard) ‘history matching’ problem remains mathematically ‘well-posed’? If so, then, how do we end up with ‘numerical instabilities’ in the...
01 January 1970 2,549 0 View
Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) 1. Low molecular weight, low-dense, low-viscous and high-mobile hydrogen with possible gravity-overriding, viscous fingering, channeling and enhanced...
01 January 1970 6,780 1 View
Reservoir Simulation 1. Since IMPES (implicit pressure calculation carried out @ each time step followed by an explicit saturation calculation for black-oil reservoir simulation) scheme remains...
01 January 1970 9,826 0 View
Reservoir Engineering: Fluid Flow 1. In describing fluid flow through a petroleum reservoir (diffusivity equation), why do we have only divergence of diffusive flux; and not the divergence of...
01 January 1970 666 0 View
Leaky Petroleum Reservoirs: Are the confining beds (top & bottom) of a petroleum reservoir are completely impermeable with extremely low-permeability? Are the vertical flow components remain...
01 January 1970 3,488 2 View
Are we permanently losing groundwater? How exactly climate-change gets connected with groundwater storage and transportation? Although global aquifer storage capacity remains to be...
01 January 1970 2,582 6 View
CO2 Sequestration Why are we concerned about the consequences of CO2 sequestration (in particular, CO2 escape/leakage or mineral dissolution over 1000s of years), when Sun itself - may...
01 January 1970 8,115 2 View
Chemical EOR 1. High capillary forces being the primary reason behind oil trapping, to what extent, reduction of these capillary forces by EOR techniques would remain to be fruitful using Darcian...
01 January 1970 268 1 View
White Lung Syndrome: Is it just a deteriorated immunity from infection and reinfection with COVID19? OR Is it a coinfection with COVID19 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae? 1. With clusters of cases of...
01 January 1970 6,530 1 View
Well Integrity 1. Whether the current 7% of the wells facing wellbore integrity failure would still keep increasing with challenging locations and harsher environments? How easy would it...
01 January 1970 9,887 0 View
Laboratory-scale to Field-Scale: Easy to scale it up? With all the advancements, to what extent, (a) the relative permeability curves; (b) the capillary pressure curves (function of phase...
01 January 1970 9,458 1 View
RESERVOIR SIMULATION 1. Whether the reduction from three-dimensional to two-dimensional numerical algorithms – associated with the migrations of water/oil/gas in large-scale reservoir simulations...
01 January 1970 8,322 1 View
Formation Evaluation: Shaly-sand Formation 1. Would it remain feasible to confirm the detection of a ‘commercially sweet onshore dry gas field’ - drilled vertically - using water-based mud - to...
01 January 1970 6,025 2 View
Groundwater Resources and Climate Change 1. Asia uses 65% of groundwater, worldwide on an annual basis, while rest of the continents use significantly smaller fraction. If so, groundwater remains...
01 January 1970 1,876 5 View
Most of the - Recent doctoral theses - are essentially focusing on the various PROJECTS that the research advisor has. Does it NOT amount to a programmed instruction? Does it NOT eliminate the...
01 January 1970 5,160 2 View
Global Warming and Evolving Petroleum Reservoir System Temperature being one of the critical factors in the generation of hydrocarbons in a source rock (which has already attained a minimum...
01 January 1970 6,099 1 View
Reservoir Management Process by a Reservoir Engineer/Team Work/AI 1. Upon joining a petroleum industry, immediately following graduation in PE, how long, in general, would take for a ‘fresh...
01 January 1970 8,260 2 View
Climate change leading to a 'Super-Dynamic' Coastal System? 1. Regarding the accelerated sea-level rise predictions associated with the melting of glaciers and ice sheets and from thermal...
01 January 1970 6,192 1 View
Reservoir Engineering: Relative Permeability 1. Would it remain feasible to estimate a single-valued, flow-rate independent steady-state ‘drainage relative permeability’ (or ‘characteristic...
01 January 1970 4,632 1 View
Formation Damage 1. Whether the fraction of authigenic clays that grow on the solid grain surfaces of reservoir rock over geological times; and the fraction of detrital clays that gets broken...
01 January 1970 1,699 0 View
Chemical EOR: Crude Oil Emulsions Feasible to bridge the gap between real field scenario and experimental observations? 1. Whether the way, the internal-phase (or droplet-phase) gets dispersed...
01 January 1970 8,325 0 View
Methane Emission and Climate-Change In the context of fugitive methane emissions associated with development of natural gas, whether the huge variation between conventional gas (just 0.01 % of...
01 January 1970 916 0 View
RESERVOIR ENGINEERING In the classical Young-Laplace (YL) equation, the capillary pressure or the pressure difference over an interface between two fluids is expressed in terms of the surface...
01 January 1970 4,381 0 View
Water-wet & CO2-wet: Wettability becoming a function of (a) formation pressure as well as (b) aquifer depth?
01 January 1970 7,998 0 View
Saffman-Taylor instability of a shear-dependent rheological fluid in a radial reservoir at later time periods: Why is it difficult to attain steady-state fluid flow condition with a dominating...
Oil Recovery as a function of Capillary Number: When the residual oil saturation and the imbibition-drainage hysteresis remain a function of Capillary Number, whether the “non-wetting phase”...
01 January 1970 9,337 0 View
RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1. Oil-water flow; Oil-gas flow; Water-gas flow: Controlled by the same set of parameters? (a) Viscosity contrast between the fluids; (b) IFT between the fluids; (c)...
01 January 1970 4,447 0 View
Artificial Intelligence in Reservoir Engineering 1. How exactly a reservoir engineer would respond to an AI system with reference to a real oil/gas field scenario as on date? 2. Why should a...
01 January 1970 201 2 View
Homogeneous Reservoir: Do we have a “homogeneous reservoir formation” in reality - as almost all the reservoir formations display spatial variations in reservoir permeability? Do we at least...
01 January 1970 10,009 4 View
Chemical EOR – Part B 1. Is there a correlation between (a) IFT reduction; and (b) ‘capillary forces’ reduction (during the alteration of the reservoir rock surface’s wettability from oil-wet...
01 January 1970 5,863 0 View
Extension/Modification of Original Darcy’s Law for its applicability in a Petroleum Reservoir 1. Does modified Darcy’s law allow the investigation of complex reservoir fluid (water, oil &...
01 January 1970 2,174 0 View
Darcy’s Law 1. What is the ‘characteristic length’ associated with Darcy’s law? Feasible to deduce it by any means? Is it just a pore-size? Or, a grain size? If so, then, 'average...
01 January 1970 2,337 1 View
Reservoir Geo-mechanics: Biot’s Coefficient 1. How important is the concept of Biot’s coefficient (involved in Biot’s effective stress relationship which assumes that total isotropic confining...
01 January 1970 5,000 1 View
Petroleum Reservoir System 1. Do we now have a lucidity on, whether, how exactly, hydrocarbons keep moving out of source rock (in solution; in colloidal suspension; or, as proto-petroleum; or,...
01 January 1970 6,162 0 View
What exactly drives fluid flow in a Shale Gas Reservoir? If the mean pore-size of an ‘extremely fine-grained’, ‘nano-scale pore-structure’ of a ‘shale gas reservoir’ remain to be lesser than...
01 January 1970 5,481 0 View
Post-Pandemic status of Petroleum Industry as well as a Petroleum Engineering Graduate 1. Whether the focus on the extraction of unconventional resources from unconventional oil/gas...
01 January 1970 6,632 0 View
Reservoir Simulation - CO2 Sequestration 1. Whether Local Capillary Trapping (LCT) associated with small-scale reservoir heterogeneity critically dictate the storage capacity of a given deep...
01 January 1970 6,595 0 View
Groundwater samples and water quality data: whether the geologic setting would significantly influence the results? Geologic Setting: Porous media - where water and contaminants move through...
01 January 1970 1,993 6 View
Could we rule out the possibility of 'residual CO2 trapping' in structural and stratigraphic traps, where, only, water drainage occurs upon CO2 injection?
01 January 1970 9,240 1 View
How about the behaviour of the methane gas that ascends through the complex migration pathways? In other words, Is it feasible to characterise the flow regime associated with the gas...
01 January 1970 8,574 0 View
Water-Flooding/EOR 1. When naturally available reservoir energy (energy produced from fluid expansion and from other energy sources such as from the forces exerted by the overlaying strata or...
01 January 1970 8,965 0 View
Shale Gas Development: Would it become more sustainable and less polluting in the near future? 1. What is the current status of fracking (high-volume, slick-water hydraulic fracturing) with...
01 January 1970 4,782 0 View
LAND SUBSIDENCE 1. Feasible to apply the same concept of ‘consolidation’ (associated with the drainage of a clay layer) - used in soil mechanics - for assessing the compaction - associated...
01 January 1970 1,419 1 View
Hydraulic Fracturing 1. Feasible to capture the three-dimensional ‘stress shadowing or stress disturbance’ (the way, the stress magnitude and the stress distribution/field changes around the...
01 January 1970 1,224 0 View
Capillary Pressure 1. Since, the order by which displacement sequences occur in a petroleum reservoir remains primarily governed by the values of pore-scale ‘threshold capillary pressure’ (the...
01 January 1970 5,110 0 View
Formation Evaluation: 1. Whether the concept of Pickett cross-plot (a graphical representation of the solution to Archie water saturation equation) has really provided the required bridging...
01 January 1970 9,369 0 View
Drill Pipe Failure Analysis 1. Following the (fast approaching) energy crisis, what is the rate of increase in the number of deep wells (say, a well drilled, at least below 15,000 ft for the...
01 January 1970 2,772 2 View
UAE Flooding: Has Cloud Seeding any Relevance? Cloud seeding needs to target the clouds in its early stage before it rains, in the absence of any thunderstorm development. UAE’s Cloud seeding...
01 January 1970 2,157 0 View
Climate Change: Explore yourself and you decide. 1. Climate and weather: Are they same? 2. Climate: An average weather over at least 30 years? 3. Climate change: Keeps happening for...
01 January 1970 5,175 0 View
Even before carbon dioxide, did we have a problem with nitrous oxide too? 1. Back in 1970, it was claimed that the excess nitrogen buildup (from the use of synthetic fertilizers, discharge of...
01 January 1970 4,813 2 View
Extreme Events 1. Would it remain feasible to include the concept of Blocking Systems (long-lasting, quasi-stationary and self-sustaining tropospheric flow patterns that are associated with...
01 January 1970 7,214 0 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 18 1. How exactly the origin and deposition of carbonate sediments remain controlled by tectonism, climate, eustatic and sedimentation changes,...
01 January 1970 900 0 View
Oceanic Heat Content (OHC) 1. Would it remain feasible to verify and validate the variations in the effective radiative forcings of the earth resulting from enhancement in greenhouse gases...
01 January 1970 5,917 1 View
Recollecting the Thoughts of Marlan Downey: What characteristics define a great source rock? With regard to source rock candidates, Was 1000 feet of 1 percent organic matter as good as 100 feet...
01 January 1970 6,510 0 View
Flash Flooding in UAE: Could have been avoided? Risk of flash flooding in UAE very well known. Changes in land use arising from enhanced urbanization over last few decades. And as a result,...
01 January 1970 6,040 4 View
Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery [Dynamic IFT, dynamic wettability, interface stiffening] If capillary pressure in a cylindrical pore of a particular radius depends on contact angle and...
01 January 1970 5,135 1 View
Reservoir Engineering Oil Trapping Mechanism @ Laboratory-Scale Would it remain feasible to replicate the following scenario at the laboratory-scale? Oil (non-wetting fluid) getting...
01 January 1970 4,044 0 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 04 1. To what extent, the concept of total permeability of a coupled fracture-matrix system in a carbonate reservoir would remain to be...
01 January 1970 2,699 0 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 03 1. In a typical carbonate reservoir, does the saturation of a non-wetting phase depend on any other function than (a) the interfacial tension...
01 January 1970 6,442 0 View
Global Energy Market: Feasible to quarantine Fossil Fuel Energy? 1. Whether the debility in investment towards oil, gas, coal and low-carbon fuel supply is only ‘a brief tumult’ – resulting from...
01 January 1970 1,793 4 View
Characterization of Primary and Secondary Recovery Processes in an Oil Reservoir: Theoretical Assumptions and Experimental Limitations Part 14 1. Since, the concept of a ‘general’...
01 January 1970 6,538 0 View
Characterization of Primary and Secondary Recovery Processes in an Oil Reservoir: Theoretical Assumptions and Experimental Limitations Part 15 1. Can we try to validate the ‘laboratory...
01 January 1970 7,391 0 View
Seismic Inversion and Carbonate Reservoir Characterization 1. Feasible to precisely understand the rock properties – from the spatial variations in impedance contrasts – towards estimating the...
01 January 1970 5,615 1 View
Hydrogen Storage 1. Upon storing hydrogen in metal cylinders, in the form of compressed gas, how early, in general, we end up with ‘hydrogen embrittlement’ – that leads to the deterioration...
Chemical EOR 1. What exactly dictates the economic viability of a surfactant-aided chemical EOR - despite it's retention of surfactants through adsorption, precipitation, degradation &...
01 January 1970 608 2 View
CO2 Sequestration in Deep Saline Aquifers [Depleted Oil & Gas Reservoirs Vs Deep Saline Aquifers] [Pore-scale, REV, Core/Laboratory-scale, Pilot-scale, Geostatistical-scale,...
01 January 1970 2,249 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [CO2 leakage rate] 1. When, reported leakage rates from natural CO2 stores range between a few tonnes to several hundred thousand tonnes per annum, whether, the high...
01 January 1970 2,041 1 View
CO2 Sequestration [CO2-plume spread; viscous, gravity and capillary forces] To what extent, the aquifer/reservoir rock properties collected from the near-well region (through well-logging or...
01 January 1970 380 0 View
Earth’s Climate Change [CCS; BECCS; Afforestation] BECCS (Bio Energy Carbon Capture and Storage) demanding nearly 1 billion hectare of land (more than two thirds of all the land currently...
01 January 1970 4,322 3 View
Earth’s Climate Change [Solar activity] If planetary oscillations are currently assumed to modulate solar and earth’s climate variability, then, how long will it take to understand the...
01 January 1970 7,362 1 View
Machine Learning (ML) When data are brought together for a given model, whether, Machine Learning (ML) will be able to figure out the areas, where field measurements are required? Whether...
01 January 1970 928 1 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 09 1. Can we comfortably apply Archie’s second law for estimating water saturation in a carbonate reservoir as a function of water resistivity and...
01 January 1970 1,060 0 View
Total Energy-related Emissions by Oil & Gas Operations 1. How long will it take to bring down the Total Emissions to 1 Gt CO2-eq emission by Oil; and 1 Gt CO2-eq emission by Natural Gas...
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 13 1. How exactly to take into account the inertial effects associated with the high-permeable carbonate reservoirs? Whether, the bottom-hole...
01 January 1970 8,258 0 View
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 1. Despite India promoting renewable and alternative energy sources, how long will it take for India to still depend on fossil fuels in order to meet the...
01 January 1970 8,395 1 View
Gas Hydrates and Global Warming Is it NOT the fact that the Methane Hydrates still hold a HUGE quantum of CARBON whose release would be IRREVERSIBLE, albeit the positive forecast by the...
01 January 1970 5,087 6 View
CO2 Sequestration [Channeling; capillary fingering; viscous fingering; stable displacement; capillary desaturation curve; pore-scale modeling] 1. Under what circumstances, channeling is...
01 January 1970 3,508 0 View
Carbon Capture Policy 1. If carbon taxes remain applied in the upstream fossil fuel supply chain in proportion to the carbon content of fuels, then, the production of oil associated with...
01 January 1970 1,872 1 View
Whether the statement: “Burning methane gas produced from methane hydrate releases up to 5 times less carbon dioxide compared to burning coal” Would it lead to the reduction in the number of new...
01 January 1970 5,033 1 View
CO2 Structural Trapping: Maximum Storage Capacity Upon injecting CO2 into a multi-layer heterogeneous reservoir, having a layer thickness of 50 m (spill height being the same); with a...
01 January 1970 1,361 0 View
CO2 Sequestration 1. Whether ‘induced seismicity’ (albeit, mostly, micro-seismic events with magnitude lesser than 3; its cumulative effect over a long period – upon reaching, yield...
01 January 1970 7,664 0 View
Earth’s Carbon cycle and Temperature Slow Carbon Cycle: Carbon takes around 100 – 200 million years to move through rocks, soil, ocean and atmosphere. 10 - 100 million metric tons of...
01 January 1970 6,155 1 View
CO2 Sequestration in Basaltic Formations: Indian Scenario 1. Despite Basaltic rocks (mafic) having a relatively higher content of divalent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+), whether, the Indian Basaltic...
01 January 1970 6,167 0 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 12 1. To what extent, the concept of type curves introduced by Ramey (1970), which refers to a log-log graph of a specific solution to the flow...
01 January 1970 7,842 0 View
Airborne Electromagnetic (AEM) Surveys: Is it feasible to process the electromagnetic data from a hard rock terrain in order to assess the electrical resistivity? Will the (evolving) fracture...
01 January 1970 7,828 0 View
Hydrogen Production The considerable use of small band gap semi-conducting materials would cause serious life cycle environmental impacts. If so, then, do we have an improved or advanced...
01 January 1970 155 1 View
Conservation Law? Or Mass Conservation Equation? 1. In a petroleum reservoir, whether the change of the mass in the reservoir domain can only be caused by the mass flux through the boundaries and...
01 January 1970 3,595 0 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 02 1. How exactly, will we be able to up-scale the properties associated with microscopic heterogeneities (facies characteristics, diagenetic...
01 January 1970 7,808 0 View
Earth’s ‘Big Five’ Mass Extinctions Global Warming: Is it something NEW to our planet? Extinctions are a normal part of evolution: they occur naturally and periodically over time. Evolution...
01 January 1970 9,079 2 View
Hydraulic Gradient in Confined/Unconfined Aquifers The concept of coefficient of permeability or hydraulic conductivity (K) – introduced by Hendry Darcy (1856) – relates the capacity of a...
01 January 1970 7,194 0 View
It is known that coal rank is proportional to depth and time; and it is very sensitive to the variations in pressure and temperature of the concerned CBM Reservoir. In this context, whether a...
01 January 1970 2,012 0 View
Abiogenic Origin of Hydrocarbons 1. If a part of hydrocarbon compounds could get generated in the asthenosphere of the earth (80 – 200 km below the surface) and migrate through the deep faults...
01 January 1970 7,490 1 View
Darcy’s Law When we apply the two-phase form of Darcy’s law by correlating the superficial velocity vector of phase ‘i’ relative to the fixed pores (where, relative permeability of phase ‘i’ and...
01 January 1970 2,646 0 View
Climate Change: Milankovitch Theory 1. Milankovitch theory project that earth’s climate could vary significantly resulting from extraneous factors that have absolutely nothing to do with human...
01 January 1970 2,155 0 View
PETROLEUM EXPLORATION 1. Developing a deep understanding on ‘geological potential of an area’: Is it the focus of ‘geologists’ and ‘geophysicists’; and not ‘reservoir engineer’? If not,...
01 January 1970 857 0 View
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Projects 1. In the absence of large assets (in terms of field size), whether, EOR projects won’t remain to be successful and profitable in the long run regardless of...
01 January 1970 6,811 0 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 05 1. Whether, permeability zonation; and, baffles within and between genetic units really have a significant impact on vertical sweep...
01 January 1970 9,346 0 View
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY What happens to the energy after (human’s) last breathe? 1. Whether the total energy of our isolated system STILL remains a constant? 2. Is it feasible to CONSERVE...
01 January 1970 8,184 3 View
Immiscible Two-Phase Fluid Flow 1. Feasible to capture both fingering (where, the displacement front exhibits a branching and relatively dispersed morphology) and ‘stable displacement’ (observed,...
01 January 1970 922 0 View
Reservoir Engineering: Applicability of Darcy’s Law What should be the threshold or critical or minimum (average) pore-size of a petroleum reservoir, up to which, Darcy’s law could be applied...
01 January 1970 7,754 0 View
RESERVOIR GEOMECHANICS (COMPACTION) 1. Feasible to estimate ‘elastic skeletal specific storage’ (elastic deformations remain completely recoverable when the reservoir pressure returns to...
01 January 1970 6,243 0 View
Reservoir-pressure, Volume of Dissolved Gas & Surface Tension: While the gas that has been dissolved in the oil (in a saturated reservoir) would cause a significant reduction in viscosity,...
01 January 1970 3,766 1 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 06 1. Whether naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs remain to be poor candidates for miscible CO2-flooding? How about the advantages...
01 January 1970 9,390 0 View
How to distinguish the reduction in heart rate resulting from exercising Yoga and that results from the reduced levels of T3 & T4?
01 January 1970 4,953 0 View
Role of Fluid Dynamics in Petroleum Engineering 1. How did petroleum industry manage to wait up to 1982 in order to study the action of water, oil and gas using the concept of ‘fluid...
01 January 1970 8,952 1 View
01 January 1970 8,922 0 View
Hydrogen-Powered Vehicles 1. Since, hydrogen fuel could be used to power fuel-cell vehicle or an IC engine vehicle, in the absence of producing carbon emissions, upon driving the car, whether,...
01 January 1970 6,105 0 View
Control over CO2 Trapping Mechanism 1. If rock minerals gets dissolved, then, to what extent, formation permeability would get reduced? And, what would be its associated time-scale? 2....
01 January 1970 899 0 View
Thermodynamics of a Petroleum Reservoir System 1. Feasible to apply the classical thermodynamics principle to a complete ‘petroleum reservoir system’ (physical entity) that is composed of two...
01 January 1970 6,269 1 View
Demulsification of Crude Oil 1. Feasible to capture the rate @ which both elasticity and interfacial viscosity changes as demulsifiers gradually start replacing emulsifiers within oil-water...
01 January 1970 5,829 0 View
Reservoir Engineering / Groundwater Hydrology Permeability: Can directly be correlated with Porosity? Having known that ‘Porosity’ remains just as a ratio and does not depend the pore-size...
01 January 1970 2,148 4 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 15 1. Does permeability in a carbonate reservoir depend only on porosity and pore-size? 2. Does fluid saturation in a carbonate reservoir...
01 January 1970 3,567 0 View
Characterization of gas production from a shale-gas reservoir: 1. Having known the fact that the proppants retained in the open natural fractures in the stimulated reservoir volume try to relieve...
01 January 1970 6,359 0 View
Characterization of Primary and Secondary Recovery Processes in an Oil Reservoir: Theoretical Assumptions and Experimental Limitations Part 13 1. Although, water has a relatively low...
01 January 1970 1,634 0 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 07 1. To what extent, a reservoir engineer will be able to evaluate (a) fluid properties; (b) fractional flow characteristics of rock; (c)...
01 January 1970 8,847 1 View
Multi-Phase Fluid Flow 1. If varieties of macro-flow characteristics can be formed in the process of two-phase displacement, resulting from the interface instability of displacement front,...
01 January 1970 2,991 2 View
Global Hydrogen Production Despite hydrogen having an elevated gravimetric energy density (140 MJ/kg), how long will it take for Electrolysis to compete with natural-gas, oil and coal; given...
01 January 1970 9,740 0 View
Buckingham (1907) introduced for the first time in the subsurface history, the concept of "capillary potential" (when Tensiometer was not yet invented) and he proposed an equation similar in form...
01 January 1970 7,422 1 View
Capillary Retention: Since the ‘capillary pull of the sand’ will remain different along the flow direction towards the production well, the ‘zone of capillary retention’ also will be varying...
01 January 1970 7,451 0 View
Reservoir Simulation 1. With recent advances in reservoir simulation by means of coupled geo-mechanical (stress-strain) model, fluid flow model and chemical (solute) transport model under...
01 January 1970 6,298 0 View
CO2 Sequestration Feasible to achieve CO2 storage capacity of 100 Gt, with just 10% average formation porosity; 10 m aquifer thickness; & with 10 MPa hydrostatic pressure in sedimentary...
01 January 1970 1,531 0 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 10 1. Whether the potential energy sources that remain available in a carbonate reservoir, in order to mobilize oil and gas to the wellbore...
01 January 1970 1,765 0 View
Mean Value of Reservoir Permeability: How exactly to deduce the average-permeability of a petroleum reservoir with (a) layered heterogeneity (a vertical cross section having multiple individual...
01 January 1970 5,061 1 View
Global Energy Transition & Developing Countries All the countries (across the globe) currently have a uniform energy architecture? If not, how exactly to compare and assess the past and...
01 January 1970 4,843 1 View
1. What exactly is a Fatty Liver? With the prevalence of MASLD increasing from 22% in 1991 to 40% in 2023, If the term NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) has to be effectively retired for...
01 January 1970 7,956 0 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 11 1. Whether the combination of low viscosity and high API gravity values – would really emphasize the down-structure oil migration in a carbonate...
01 January 1970 9,619 0 View
Can we comfortably deduce “interpreted transmissibility” (that is associated with a reservoir physical space) – from field data? With ‘reservoir permeability’ acting as a log-normally distributed...
01 January 1970 3,589 0 View
How quickly oil wells reach their ‘maximum daily output’ following their completion - associated with a carbonate reservoir? How different - the rapidity of decline - will be in a carbonate...
01 January 1970 6,063 2 View
In case of near-miscible flooding, when the reservoir pressure is relatively lower, Is it practically feasible to “simultaneously” secure the data on (a) the reduction in hydrocarbon...
01 January 1970 7,968 0 View
Reservoir Wettability 1. Since, drainage (invasion of the non-wetting fluid) being a relatively simpler physical process, which can be captured with ease @ laboratory-scale using experiments, how...
01 January 1970 8,504 0 View
Hydrogen Fuel Cells 1. Whether ALL the production methods, associated with hydrogen fuel cells, focus ‘only’ on developing renewable energy sources (solar/wind) for hydrogen production; and no...
01 January 1970 5,358 0 View
Thermal EOR 1. Feasible to capture ‘severe gas channeling’ in addition to thermal energy loss that restrict the sustainable and stable development of heavy oil (where, the high content in resin...
01 January 1970 3,297 1 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 17 1. To what extent, in a carbonate reservoir, the concept of variography (which uses variograms to statistically characterize spatial...
01 January 1970 188 0 View
What exactly caused the Tsunami that has hit the west coast of Java (Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra - Roughly 200 km from Jakarta) on 22nd Dec 2018 @ 9.30 PM (Local Time) - affecting an...
01 January 1970 7,852 3 View
Natural Water Drive ‘Natural water drive’ being one of the most effective driving mechanisms for the production of oil and gas, are we really able to achieve the maximum use of natural water...
01 January 1970 3,652 0 View
Whether the concept of pressure gradient in a petroleum reservoir is considered as the cause of the flow of water/oil/gas in the rock formation? Or Is it considered as a measure of the...
01 January 1970 5,456 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Convective mixing; convective fingering; CO2 dissolution, CO2 diffusion coefficient] 1. Following CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers, the injected CO2 streams tend...
01 January 1970 6,584 0 View
North-East Monsoon and its associated CYCLONES In Peninsular INDIA: Why is it too complex to forecast? Is it because of the weak Coriolis force along the tropical zone in comparison with that...
01 January 1970 5,484 3 View
Mobility of Pore Fluids with Reservoir Deformation: Does the restructuring of complex reservoir pore-geometry take place during/following the transportation of water, oil & gas towards the...
01 January 1970 4,919 1 View
Multi-Phase Fluid Flow through Petroleum Reservoirs 1. When exactly the network of solid-grains associated with a petroleum reservoir needs to be treated as a stress-dependent solid, where a...
01 January 1970 148 0 View
Characterization of Primary and Secondary Recovery Processes in an Oil Reservoir: Theoretical Assumptions and Experimental Limitations Part 16 1. If a reservoir remains to be highly...
01 January 1970 785 0 View
To what extent, are we compromising Darcy’s law, when we characterize the oil/gas flow within a petroleum reservoir? Does the fundamental physics associated with the Darcy’s law not change...
01 January 1970 1,787 2 View
Characterization of Primary and Secondary Recovery Processes in an Oil Reservoir: Theoretical Assumptions and Experimental Limitations Part 10 1. While measuring the steady-state oil and...
01 January 1970 5,173 0 View
Ocean Engineering: Requires knowledge on quantum-physics and thermodynamics on top of wave-hydrodynamics in order to capture quantum Hall effect? Whether Equator remains to be Earth’s edge...
01 January 1970 7,863 1 View
Estimating Reservoir Porosity: Given the fact that the spatial (and temporal) distribution of grain-size vary so heterogeneously in a given reservoir along with the introduction of pockets of...
01 January 1970 7,218 0 View
A changing climate leads to changes in the frequency, intensity, spatial extent, duration and timing of extreme weather and climate events, and can result in unprecedented extreme weather and...
01 January 1970 9,214 4 View
Future of Oil & Gas Industry: Are we equipped to change our daily routine? Knowing the fact that the world will not run out of oil (at least for the next few decades) along with the new...
01 January 1970 673 5 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 14 1. How exactly to have a control over gravity drainage displacement in low permeable rock-matrix, where, the oil will move downward by gravity...
01 January 1970 1,392 0 View
Offshore Oil & Gas Working Environment 1. Are the field engineers still happy with provided accommodation & food in the absence of leading to reduced quality of sleep and its associated...
01 January 1970 2,300 0 View
Restructuring of complex pore-network and the evolution of reservoir porosity as a function of space and time (to be used in mass conservation equation): Requires the history of reservoir...
01 January 1970 8,531 1 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 01 1. It is known that carbonate sediments have a wide range of particle size and sorting resulting from complex organic processes which gets...
01 January 1970 9,230 0 View
In a Hydrocarbon Reservoir, Why do we ignore "Volume Expansivity" while considering only the "Isothermal Compressibility" for a given change in fluid volume? OR in other words, Why does the...
01 January 1970 3,632 2 View
Reservoir Engineering: Coal Seam 1. Since, gas is primarily stored by adsorption into the coal as a function of pressure @ which the gas gets adsorbed, can we replicate the scenario, whereby...
01 January 1970 4,602 1 View
01 January 1970 598 1 View
Coupling between Porosity and Pore-Pressure in a Gas Reservoir Feasible to capture the concept that the porosity may not change – for the changes in effective normal stress – at constant sliding...
01 January 1970 9,423 1 View
Petroleum Digest 1. While there are reports highlighting that oil was discovered in China in 600 BC itself - with the first known oil wells in China were created by combining iron drill bits...
01 January 1970 5,442 0 View
DRILLING TECHNOLOGY 1. As against shallow drilling (less than 50 to 100 m); and intermediate drilling (100 m - 1200 m); in a deep exploratory drilling (exceeding 1200 m), would it remain feasible...
Characterization of Primary and Secondary Recovery Processes in an Oil Reservoir: Theoretical Assumptions and Experimental Limitations Part 17 1. To what extent, the performance of water...
01 January 1970 2,466 0 View
Petroleum Reservoir Projects 1. Whether the identification of ‘a suitable project idea’ is regarded as a critical step in a petroleum reservoir project preparation? Does it require an...
01 January 1970 8,444 0 View
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation 1. When does Tricuspid Valve (the largest and the most apically positioned of the four valves in the heart) start regurtitating? What is the expected changes in its...
01 January 1970 2,523 1 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 08 1. To what extent, petro-physicists will be able to assess (a) log-core relationships; (b) the feasibility of over or under pressures; and...
01 January 1970 4,454 0 View
El Nino and La Nina: Why is it restricted to Pacific Ocean and WHY NOT in Indian Ocean? Similar to El Nino and La Nina – describing the largest fluctuation in the Earth’s climate system – and...
01 January 1970 4,654 8 View
In the context of Groundwater Contaminant Transport Modeling, how about the importance of heterogeneity at a scale lesser than REV, particularly, when the nature and intensity of such...
01 January 1970 6,155 0 View
Energy Transition 1. While geopolitical factors and macroeconomic variables may not be having significant impacts, at the moment, how about the sensitivity on the emergence of new...
01 January 1970 7,859 0 View
Reservoir Geophysics: CO2 Sequestration 1. Would it remain feasible to capture the variations and discontinuities in the elastic properties of a deep saline aquifer – following CO2...
01 January 1970 8,414 0 View
Darcy’s-Law; Macroscopic-scale; Experimental parameters measured at a scale that is lesser than macroscopic-scale: When we characterize a petroleum reservoir with the Darcian approach, it...
01 January 1970 1,073 1 View
Is there a relatively simple mechanism to find out - the submerged or sunken oils (such as diluted bitumen or heavy bunker oils) - resulting from oil spill disaster - where, the detection by...
01 January 1970 8,811 0 View
Reservoir Wettability Given the fact that the wettability associated with the small pores do not get altered – irrespective of whether the reservoir is oil-wet or water-wet; and the smaller pores...
01 January 1970 4,481 0 View
The Unit of ‘Permeability’: Intrinsic permeability of a porous medium can be defined to have a unit of length squared, if it transmits in unit time, a unit volume of fluid of unit kinematic...
01 January 1970 7,732 0 View
Climate Change [GHGs; CO2 Concentration] 1. Are glacial cycles are ultimately paced by astronomical forcing? 2. Role of CO2 in glacial cycles: Were the concentrations of GHGs were both...
01 January 1970 1,090 1 View
Reservoir Engineering Porosity Vs Permeability Porosity Characterizes the storage capacity. Does not depend on pore size. Does depend on pore-size distribution. A scalar...
CO2 Sequestration [Poro-elasticity; Thermo-elasticity] Whether oil or gas reservoirs have the ability to resist and recover from deformations produced by forces (elasticity), where, there...
01 January 1970 9,729 1 View
Gum Drop Technique (GDT) [Gingival recession; PRP; L-PRF; A-PRF; i-PRF; Fibrin clot] 1. If PRP could promote simultaneous tissue regeneration as well as alveolar bone repair – towards...
01 January 1970 8,772 0 View
Energy Scenario 2023 1. Demand for gas remaining relatively flat: Why did it not exponentially rise, or, at least linearly rise? 2. In 2022 the combined consumption of oil and biofuel products...
01 January 1970 4,981 1 View
CO2 Sequestration [CO2 Transport] 1. With transport of CO2 in brine solution under fully saturated conditions; (A) Can we characterize the diffusion of the dissolved CO2 species by the...
01 January 1970 2,533 0 View
Reservoir Engineering The definition of an ideal porous medium as the carrier of the pore-fluids pertains to an unconsolidated sand; and it essentially represents a medium, which consists of an...
01 January 1970 851 0 View
CO2 Sequestration Original Darcy’s Law in Algebraic Form: Darcy found that the volumetric fluid flow rate through the saturated soil column was directly proportional to the drop in hydraulic...
01 January 1970 1,255 2 View
CO2 Sequestration [Thermodynamics; Super-Critical CO2; Critical Temperature; Critical Pressure] 1. When will the injected super-critical CO2 tend to approach its critical temperature (where,...
01 January 1970 3,907 1 View
Reservoir Fluid Dynamics – CO2 Sequestration 1. Can we characterize a deep saline aquifer to have separate streamlines, corresponding to the path of brine-particles and CO2-particles as it moves...
01 January 1970 6,123 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Reservoir Thermodynamics] 1. With CO2 being highly compressible, how could we have a control over its thermodynamic properties (molar-volume, density, viscosity, specific heat,...
01 January 1970 5,142 0 View
CO2 Sequestration If the reservoir heterogeneity results from a geological unit having multiple layers of geological stratification (within the given depth of the reservoir) leading to a huge...
01 January 1970 8,676 1 View
Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) in Aquifers 1. Since, hydrogen no more directly exists as a gas, how easy would it remain to separate hydrogen, either from water, or, from fossil fuels,...
01 January 1970 6,659 1 View
Top- & Bottom-Water troubles in an oil field: How easy will it be – for a casing to be cemented - before drilling into an oil sand, where there is a necessity that the ‘water from above’...
01 January 1970 7,242 0 View
CO2 sequestration [Reservoir Hydrodynamics 01] With CO2 and brine being mobile, and in the presence of a complex coupled forces between viscous, gravity and capillarity, whether, the resulting...
01 January 1970 381 1 View
CO2 Sequestration [CO2 Emission & Absorption] Feasible to precisely estimate the annual production of CO2 from human activity? What happens when it exceeds 10^14 kg? How far the global...
01 January 1970 2,813 1 View
CO2 Sequestration [Mineral Trapping] How do we ensure, whether, the resident brine remains, either, chemically under-saturated or super-saturated with reference to its equilibrium condition –...
01 January 1970 6,024 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Multi-Phase Fluid Flow] How easy would it remain to characterize multi-phase fluid flow through deep saline aquifers, or depleted oil/gas reservoirs, if the fundamental...
01 January 1970 2,264 0 View
Reservoir Engineering Deviations from Original Darcy’s Law 1. What was the need for Muskat to replace original hydraulic gradient by pressure gradient? 2. What was the need for Wyckoff to...
01 January 1970 9,206 1 View
CO2 Sequestration [Reservoir Hydrodynamics 03] 1. Since, potential difference could produce motive force and could overcome the resistance, causing CO2 to migrate (despite, both energy and...
01 January 1970 3,313 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Reservoir Hydrodynamics 02] 1. Whether CO2 trapping follows a simple logic that CO2 and brine always migrate from an area with high potential energy to an area with low...
01 January 1970 2,878 0 View
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 1. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS): Where do we stand as on date? (A) Whether the separation technology of CO2 from industrial and energy related...
01 January 1970 6,446 0 View
In the context Chemical EOR, Is it feasible to explicitly delineate the contributions - in the variation of IFT - resulting from changes in temperature and that from changes in surfactant...
01 January 1970 8,255 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Capillary Trapping] 1. Feasible to capture the primary capillary trapping mechanisms (a) Bypass trapping (which happens, when the moving menisci of the bulk fluid traverse...
01 January 1970 362 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Isoplanes; normal gradients/vectors] How exactly to deduce a system of isoplanes; and normal gradients, vectors and traces of the planes, in the three-dimensional space, in a...
01 January 1970 936 1 View
CO2 Sequestration [Reservoir Geo-mechanics] How easy would it remain to deduce the knowledge on the in-situ state of stresses, that remains close to limit equilibrium (associated with the CO2...
01 January 1970 7,665 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Reservoir Geo-mechanics] 1. Since, CO2 requires to be injected continuously for few years through the injection well, how about the occurrence of wellbore failure resulting...
01 January 1970 9,974 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Reservoir Geo-mechanics: Normal fault; Strike-Slip Fault; Reverse Fault] 1. How easy would it remain to delineate the magnitudes of horizontal principal stress - with...
Richard's equation: Under what circumstances, the displacement of the resident air will significantly impede the advance of water into a pore during transient unsaturated flow, where the...
01 January 1970 5,569 0 View
Is there a way to MATHEMATICALLY ensure that the liquid and gaseous phases of the hydrocarbon remain in "THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM", when the reservoir pressure falls below Bubble Point Pressure...
01 January 1970 4,838 1 View
CO2 Sequestration [Capillary Trapping] 1. How exactly to distinguish the three related processes namely (a) residual trapping; (b) trapping due to hysteresis of the relative...
01 January 1970 3,984 0 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR [WAG; Sweep Efficiency; MMP] Which ONE of the following remains to be predominantly responsible/sensitive for EOR by CO2 sequestration? (a) When CO2-EOR...
01 January 1970 8,197 0 View
Chemical EOR 1. What is the average thickness of the brine film (1 nm??) that exists between reservoir rock mineral surfaces and crude-oil droplets – associated with a carbonate...
01 January 1970 8,908 1 View
Is it really difficult to get the data (from the field) on the pressure-interval (with the lower and upper limits) required for a near-miscible flooding as against the easier single-point pressure...
01 January 1970 3,397 1 View
CO2 Sequestration [Buoyancy Trapping] Buoyant trapping remaining the key process for CO2 storage during the injection and early stage of storage, would it remain feasible to capture the following...
01 January 1970 9,137 0 View
CO2 Flooding [Minimum Miscibility Pressure] 1. Although, MMP pertains to the lowest-pressure in which a crude-oil and a solvent-gas (CO2) develop a dynamical miscibility, would it remain...
01 January 1970 9,138 2 View
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): Indian Subcontinent 1. CCS {which removes CO2, when it is emitted [before it enters the atmosphere; unlike direct air capture, which removes CO2 from...">
01 January 1970 6,323 1 View
CO2 Sequestration [Reservoir Geo-mechanics; Pore pressure; Over pressure; Elastic-Plastic/Visco-Elastic Rock] 1. Feasible to estimate the vertical stress from the integration of density logs...
01 January 1970 2,481 0 View
Concept of ‘Potential’ in a Petroleum Reservoir Are we defining ‘potential’ in a petroleum reservoir to be @ macroscopic-scale; or, to be @ microscopic-scale? Under Darcian approach, are we...
01 January 1970 7,964 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Deep Saline Aquifers; Reservoir Simulation] 1. While deducing a potential CO2 storage site, (a) how to deduce the maximum & optimal CO2 storage volumes (considering...
01 January 1970 1,135 2 View
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: Part 16 1. In a carbonate reservoir, when we plot, relative permeability (y-axis) vs fractional water saturation (which can be correlated with reservoir...
01 January 1970 9,736 0 View
Wettability Measurement @ Laboratory-Scale: Replicating Real-Field scenario: Feasible? When ‘changes in wettability’ (in a real-field) have been shown to affect capillary pressure, relative...
01 January 1970 689 1 View
Capillary Pressure [Lab-scale Vs Continuum-scale] At laboratory-scale investigations, using experiments, whether, the inlet-outlet pressure difference is no more a good measure of the...
01 January 1970 9,453 0 View
Energy Transition ‘Energy Resources’ include fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) and renewable energy flows such as wind and solar energy. Energy Resources are turned into ‘Energy...
01 January 1970 2,266 0 View
CO2 Sequestration – Capillary Trapping 1. Whether the way CO2 gets displaced by the resident fluid – following its injection – would remain to be the same (a) laboratory-scale; (b) pilot-scale;...
01 January 1970 7,264 0 View
CO2 Storage 1. Whether site characterization (aided by modeling and risk assessment) of ‘CO2 sequestration and storage project’ require any special understanding of ‘subsurface hydrogeology’...
01 January 1970 6,863 0 View
Offshore Oil Production: Will South America’s offshore oil production overtake North America’s offshore oil output in the next couple of years? South America (Brazil, Guyana and Suriname) to...
01 January 1970 8,434 1 View
How does the process of large scale hydraulic fracturing (in a naturally fractured reservoir) for a granite (for Enhancing Geothermal Energy-system) differ from that for a limestone (for Enhanced...
01 January 1970 431 3 View
CO2 Sequestration [Hydrodynamic Trapping; Capillary Trapping; Imbibition; Convective mixing; Convective Fingering; Critical Capillary Number] 1. In CO2 sequestration, since, both imbibition...
01 January 1970 456 0 View
AI in Petroleum Industry 1. Whether AI would do a better job towards - checking material balance – in the context of understanding and interpreting production data – during the analysis of oil...
01 January 1970 7,127 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Induced Seismicity; Geo-mechanics] 1. Whether anthropogenic changes in the state of stress of the aquifer unit – would artificially, induce seismicity – upon CO2 injection?...
01 January 1970 8,132 0 View
In a strict sense, in a rock-oil-water system, wettability refers to a measure of the preference that the rock has for either the oil or water. In essence, wettability is used to for the wetting...
01 January 1970 7,137 2 View
Energy Transition 1. Have we realized the need to take a systematic approach to energy policy considering the unique characteristics of each country; and the way, the electrification,...
01 January 1970 9,283 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Laboratory-Scale Investigation Vs Field-Scale Reality] 1. Feasible to capture the displacement of brine by the injected super-critical CO2 – in the presence of coupled...
01 January 1970 117 0 View
ENERGY SECURITY 1. If Oil & Gas Importing Country has to share the burden of CO2 Emissions, how about the Accountability of Hydrocarbon Exporting Countries? OR Energy Security is something...
01 January 1970 4,675 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Reservoir Simulation] 1. When modelling CO2 sequestration, how easy would it remain - to deduce the mathematical model that reflects the thermodynamic equilibrium between CO2...
01 January 1970 1,452 0 View
Physics Informed Machine Learning (PIML): “Lots of Physics with Small Data” in Petroleum Reservoir Engineering applications? In Reservoir Engineering applications using Reservoir Simulation,...
01 January 1970 5,052 1 View
Wettability Macro-scale properties of multi-phase fluid flow in a petroleum reservoir including Capillary Pressure curves and Relative Permeability remain closely related to the Wettability,...
01 January 1970 4,509 0 View
Chemical EOR: Oil-Water Interface 1. How exactly does the transportation of heavy crude oil become complex, upon the formation of an interfacial film that exhibits...
01 January 1970 4,549 0 View
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) 1. India being Diabetes Capital of the World with 17% of the total number of diabetes patients in the world (nearly 10 crore people with diabetes in India), how serious...
01 January 1970 2,625 3 View
CO2 Sequestration [Over-pressure Evolution; Geo-mechanical Stability] 1. The percentage of CO2 emissions captured by CCUS technology @ global-scale has increased from 0.04% in 2000 to 0.12% in...
01 January 1970 3,137 1 View
Physical Interpretation of the Associated Mathematics on Extended Form of Darcy's Law towards Characterizing Multi-Phase Fluid Flow through Petroleum Reservoirs Darcy’s Law (Part...
01 January 1970 8,787 1 View
Blood Pressure (BP) in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) 1. Whether the (so called) modest elevation in BP, which increases the risk for incident AF, and subsequently, concomitant hypertension and AF...
01 January 1970 7,228 6 View
Reservoir Engineering: Relative Permeability 1. If relative permeability could vary considerably throughout the reservoir, depending on the local pore structure, and interactions between the...
01 January 1970 7,592 0 View
Application of Machine Learning (PIML) in Petroleum Reservoir Engineering Applications With reference to the availability of Reservoir Rock Properties, we use to have a relatively lesser data...
01 January 1970 5,411 0 View
Chemical EOR: Microgels 1. Could microgels (soft gel particles with 3-D network structure in the size of microns, whose physical status wavers between colloid particles and polymers in a...
01 January 1970 4,451 1 View
AML (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia): Is it still a major group of childhood cancer with the worst overall survival rate? 1. Does it depend on patient’s CR (Complete Remission)? 2. Whether an...
01 January 1970 4,593 0 View
Relative Permeability (RP): Has anything to do with Darcy’s Law? RP: Most important and least understood property (we only have a limited number of well-characterized studies on RP) RP:...
01 January 1970 6,724 1 View
Interfacial Tension and Wettability 1. If ultralow IFT could lead to enhanced oil recovery from fractured oil-wet carbonate cores, then, why the same is NOT true in liquid-rich shales @...
01 January 1970 2,638 0 View
CO2 sequestration [Homogeneous fluids; Heterogeneous fluids] 1. CO2 sequestration in deep-saline-aquifers/depleted-oil/gas-reservoirs: Does it pertain to a case of homogeneous fluid -...
01 January 1970 6,557 1 View
Data Science in Petroleum Engineering 1. (a) ‘Playing around with data’ Vs (B) ‘Trying to investigate the complex interplay between reservoir geology, drainage principles of oil & gas,...
01 January 1970 3,387 0 View
Multi-Phase Fluid Flow through a Petroleum Reservoir System Want to incorporate the physical dependence of the pore-scale processes in to up-scaled equation? Whether the driving forces (for...
01 January 1970 6,617 0 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. Upon exceeding MMP, CO2 & Oil would become completely miscible and eventually, the associated IFT would be down to zero. If so, are we determining the IFT between...
01 January 1970 9,016 0 View
Reservoir Simulation 1. Whether the improvements in high-resolution three-dimensional imaging (algorithms that operate directly on digital images of field-scale reservoir rock materials) has...
01 January 1970 5,060 0 View
Multi-Phase Fluid Flow through Petroleum Reservoirs Extension of Darcy's Law 1. Inherent Instability of Gas-Oil-Water Flows? 2. Lack of Producibility of Controlled Experiments? 3. Challenging...
01 January 1970 5,356 0 View
Gas/Oil Flow through Fractured Reservoirs using Darcian Approximation: Is it too simplified? Is it fine to ignore the inertial effect that becomes increasingly prominent and non-negligible with...
01 January 1970 9,562 0 View
Exploring Hydrogen-Gas Reservoir Feasible to have the existence of natural hydrogen-springs? Particularly, at a relatively shallower depths? Feasibility of hydrogen gas getting explored in...
01 January 1970 406 0 View
CO2 Miscible Flooding Whether, CO2 Miscible Flooding ‘remains ruled out’ in a sandstone or a limestone reservoir, if (A)Formation is not deep enough to have fracturing pressures greater than...
01 January 1970 9,805 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [CO2 Storage Capacity] Do we require seismic records and inversion approaches for obtaining high-resolution models of aquifer/reservoir porosity in order for us to understand...
01 January 1970 1,077 0 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR With reference to the effect of expansion on crude-oil, whether, the residual oil in the reservoir after water flooding remains to be inversely proportional to the expansion...
CO2 Leakage Risk [Fault Planes] 1. In deep saline aquifers, whether, could we assess Fault Sealing Accuracy measurements by back-calculating Fault Sealing Capacity in the absence of Exploration...
01 January 1970 315 1 View
Polymer Flooding To what extent, the effects of non-Newtonian fluid rheology of polymer fluids (such as HPAM or Xanthan) on flow dynamics and its associated up-scaling from pore-scale mechanisms...
01 January 1970 1,246 1 View
Reservoir Engineering Non-Darcy flow; Reynolds Number; Chemical EOR 1. Whether non-Darcy flow behavior in an Oil Reservoir results from the increase of the microscopic viscous force @ high...
01 January 1970 8,216 0 View
Reservoir Simulation With MacCormack (1969) scheme being an explicit scheme, while simple to implement and which does not require inversion of large matrices; and which remains to be second-order...
01 January 1970 4,626 0 View
Reservoir Simulation Temporal over-discretization in an Oil-brine two-phase system under non-isothermal conditions 1. Whether non-linearities in fluid flow lead to temporal over-discretization...
01 January 1970 4,731 0 View
CO2 Sequestration in Deep Saline Aquifers 1. How approximate would it remain to be, modelling the injection of CO2 into Deep Saline Aquifer (DSA) as a single-phase radial encroachment, having...
01 January 1970 6,894 1 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. If CO2 vaporizes the light components in crude oil, then, whether, the surface tension at the oil–brine interface would get reduced? In turn, whether, the remaining oil...
01 January 1970 2,704 0 View
CO2-EOR 1. To what extent, the enhanced mobility of scCO2 increases the likelihood of CO2 early breakthrough and viscous fingering – during CO2 injection process – that mitigates the volumetric...
01 January 1970 5,439 1 View
Reservoir Geomechanics Having known that most of the hydrocarbon accumulations remain associated with compressional or extensional geologic environments, how could we go ahead with the assumption...
01 January 1970 7,599 1 View
CO2 Flood: Field Operation: Reservoir Depth Despite knowing the fact that (a) start-up and field operating costs increase with reservoir depth; (b) deeper wells resulting in higher drilling...
01 January 1970 6,268 0 View
CO2 Flooding 1. To what extent, would it remain to be feasible towards improving the oil mobility (achieving desirable fluid flows) solely based on the conventional pressure-driven mechanisms, if...
01 January 1970 2,370 0 View
CO2 Sequestration in Depleted Oil Reservoirs When an oil reservoir (partially) filled with oil (and brine) gets invaded by CO2, whether, only a fraction of CO2 would get displaced? If so, then,...
01 January 1970 9,660 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Geomechanics] If CO2 injection and its subsequent invasion in stressed deep saline aquifers or depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs could activate processes of mechanical failure...
01 January 1970 3,113 0 View
Translation from Energy-Addition to Energy-Transition: Not Feasible before 2030? 1. Despite the demand for natural gas remaining flat, the crude demand may continue to be over 100 million...
01 January 1970 6,161 5 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. Whether, light components in crude oil contribute to miscibility? 2. Whether, the light components in the crude oil are continuously vaporized into the gas phase during...
01 January 1970 6,149 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Viscous Fingering; Capillary Fingering] 1. Are we critically deciding the resultant phase (gas/liquid/super-critical) of injected CO2 into the formations (deep saline aquifers;...
01 January 1970 7,025 0 View
Reservoir Engineering: Three-Fluid Relative Permeabilities With oil, brine and gas co-existing in petroleum reservoirs, while each fluid inhibiting the flow of the other two; and with wetting and...
01 January 1970 9,831 1 View
Reservoir Engineering 1D Displacement in a Homogeneous Permeable Reservoir 1. Whether the range of injection flow rates that remains influenced by gravity forces and which affects the rate of...
01 January 1970 2,668 0 View
Reservoir Engineering Since, interfacial phenomena govern the entrapment of oil @ pore-scale, would it remain feasible to understand the fundamental relations between capillary pressure, brine...
01 January 1970 7,520 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Geomechanics] 1. How do we ensure that the pressure changes induced by CO2 injection operations (as a function of CO2 injection-rate/pressure) would subsequently change the...
01 January 1970 7,755 0 View
Oil Spill in a Marine Environment 1. With six larger fuel oil spills (> 700 tonnes) and with four medium fuel oil spills (7 – 700 tonnes) recorded in 2024 from tanker incidents (with nearly 8...
01 January 1970 4,902 1 View
Reservoir Engineering If both porosity and permeability remains to be scale-dependent (depending on the size of the averaging volume), then, how about the notion of REV? Whether, the effect...
01 January 1970 8,597 1 View
Chennai Coastal Flooding If Chennai coastal flooding and erosion remains to be significantly affected by episodic storm surge and wave setup, then, whether the environmental and socio-economic...
01 January 1970 8,549 0 View
The vitrinite reflectance measurements adapted from coal petrographers seemed to be the most quantitative and useful method of determining temperature history of source rocks: What is the latest...
01 January 1970 4,887 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Relative Permeability; Residual Saturation; Wettability] 1. As the properties of CO2-phase vary considerably from that of an oil-phase, unlike an oil-water system, to what...
01 January 1970 5,354 0 View
Relative Permeability Estimation in CO2 Sequestration Application @ Laboratory-Scale 1.Feasible to assume random distribution of CO2-phase at the desired saturation in order to estimate the...
01 January 1970 9,084 0 View
Enhanced Oil Recovery: Wettability 1. Given the fact that the wetting process operates on a scale that extends from the macroscopic to the molecular-scale, while our observations usually involve...
Reservoir Engineering Darcy’s Law In the Darcian flow, if each fluid particle could move along a continuously curvilinear path (as against a rectilinear path), at a continuously varying...
01 January 1970 801 1 View
Reservoir Engineering 1. What was the necessity to replace the original hydraulic gradient (as used in Darcy’s law) by a pressure gradient (as used in Petroleum Industry)? Is it mathematically...
01 January 1970 4,265 1 View
Reservoir Engineering Wettability, Viscous Fingering & Capillary Fingering 1. If viscous force remains to play a critical role in the fluid invasion process and if the displacement front...
01 January 1970 376 0 View
Reservoir Simulation Fractional Flow equations, which make use of Darcy’s law, for describing the movement of oil and brine in an oil reservoir, being among the most relevant mathematical...
01 January 1970 4,184 0 View
Climate Change: How sensitive to a Hydrologist? Hydrologist’s projection on Climate Change won’t remain to be crucial? 1. Focusing mostly on Land Phase of the Hydrological Cycle (the movement...
01 January 1970 4,922 1 View
CO2 SEQUESTRATION Laboratory-Scale Vs Field-Scale 1. To what extent, the following consequences (the adverse mobility ratio and influence of density contrast between formation brine and the...
01 January 1970 5,371 1 View
CO2 Sequestration in Deep Saline Aquifers 1. In the context of long term fate of CO2, why does most of the injected CO2 prefer to remain within a radius of 3 km laterally? 2. In the long run,...
01 January 1970 9,583 2 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. Effect of Gravity: Whether, high API gravity oil remains to be more suitable for CO2 miscible flooding process than lower gravity? Whether, lower oil gravity means higher...
01 January 1970 9,232 1 View
Reservoir Engineering: Continuum Approach If the necessity for continuum approach emanates from the intrinsic uncertainty in describing in an exact manner the geometry of the internal solid...
01 January 1970 285 0 View
Reservoir Engineering [Reservoir Pressure] 1. How important for a Reservoir Engineer to have an idea (a) About the number of sedimentary cycles associated with stratigraphy of the concerned...
01 January 1970 1,130 1 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. If the miscibility pressure is reduced so that the reservoir crude oil and CO2 remain to be miscible, then, could we enhance reservoir recovery significantly? 2. Whether...
01 January 1970 2,608 0 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. Does FCM displacement yield a single-phase transition zone separating the injected solvent from the crude oil? FCM: Is it piston-like with the most efficient...
01 January 1970 2,963 0 View
Contact angle measurement and capillary effect: The angle of contact of a liquid, where it impinges on a solid, conditions the capillary effect of the solid on the liquid. If it is so, will...
01 January 1970 9,202 0 View
Capillary Attraction: Which ONE of the following is expected to have a relatively greater capillary attraction for a given crude-oil: A fine-grained formation with a higher porosity? OR A...
01 January 1970 4,313 0 View
Reservoir Engineering Flow Directions of Oil, Gas & CO2: Require fresh water flow fields? IF subsurface fresh water force fields determine the flow direction for fresh water, oil, gas...
01 January 1970 8,204 0 View
CO2 Sequestration [Super-critical CO2; CO2 Leakage; CO2-aquesous phase] Whether the CO2 leakage risk would remain to be the greatest, when the injected CO2 remains as a super-critical...
01 January 1970 9,835 0 View
Climate Change and Oceanography 1. Are we marching towards enhanced ocean acidity resulting from climate change? Whether the uptake of atmospheric CO2 and its subsequent increases in dissolved...
01 January 1970 4,356 1 View
Reservoir Engineering [Wettability] 1. In a real field scenario, if the pore walls remain not to be smooth, flat surfaces and if the matrix surrounding the pore-wall remains to be composed of...
01 January 1970 8,353 0 View
Multi-Phase Fluid Flow 1. How exactly extended version of Darcy’s Law characterize Multi-Phase Fluid Flow through a Petroleum Reservoir by taking into account (a) the complex fluid dynamics...
01 January 1970 7,273 2 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. Whether CO2 at its critical temperature and pressure would have a higher density? If so, then, with increase in temperature, whether, the diffusion coefficient of CO2...
01 January 1970 5,336 0 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. If dissolution of CO2 expands the volume of crude oil, then, would it increase the energy of elasticity of the reservoir formation? And, in turn, would it increase the...
01 January 1970 1,154 1 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. If interfacial tension (IFT) at the displacing front remains to be nearly zero, when the injected fluid remains to be miscible with the reservoir oil, and in such cases,...
01 January 1970 3,588 0 View
CO2-Flooding @ Laboratory-Scale Whether the existing experimental methods including Slim-Tube Test (STT), Rising Bubble Apparatus (RBA) and Pressure-Composition Diagrams (PXD) to evaluate...
01 January 1970 2,821 0 View
Science/Economic-Policies behind Unprocessed Crude-Oil & Petroleum Products 1. Why are we so much fretful about interdicting fossil fuel, if the science behind global peak oil theory has...
01 January 1970 2,558 2 View
As per Darcy’s approach, the porous medium is supposed to be fully saturated with the fluid of interest (groundwater) and most importantly, there should NOT be the presence of fluid-fluid...
01 January 1970 3,650 5 View
AI in Petroleum Industry Whether AI could play a crucial role, when the pressure profiles as a function of depth from various wells remain not superimposed (which indicate the presence...
01 January 1970 9,519 0 View
CO2 Sequestration: Long Term Effects Chemical reactions in sandstone reservoirs? 1. In case, if we end up with a ‘significant’ “dissolution” of both ‘primary silicate mineral’...
01 January 1970 6,743 0 View
Hydraulic Fracturing 1. Feasible to generate a meaningful ‘Stimulated Reservoir Volume’ (SRV) @ laboratory-scale, upon Hydraulic Fracturing, if it essentially enables the measurement of in-situ...
01 January 1970 505 0 View
Reservoir Engineering: Multi-Phase Fluid Flow 1. Whether the generalization of Darcy’s law to the simultaneous flow of two immiscible fluids by Wyckoff and Botset (eight years following 1856’s...
01 January 1970 2,508 1 View
Chemical EOR in Fractured Reservoirs 1. Upon injection of an external fluid into an oil-wet carbonate reservoir, why does the injected fluid (either gas or a surfactant solution) not ‘easily’...
CO2 Solubility [CO2 Sequestration] 1. In the context of CO2 sequestration applications requiring reliable thermodynamic models, with SRK & PR (EoS) being inexact with reference to their...
01 January 1970 4,251 0 View
How do we comfortably ignore the 2nd term on LHS (the quadratic hyperbolic term) associated with fluid flow equation, deduced upon coupling mass and momentum conservation equations, towards...
01 January 1970 2,360 1 View
Chemical EOR: Nanoparticles 1. Whether, attachment of polymers covalently to the nanoparticle surface has always improved the dispersibility of nanoparticles, during an EOR...
01 January 1970 5,421 0 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. Can ‘CO2 Miscibility’ be characterized as a ‘Thermodynamic Condition’, where a distinct interface between CO2 and oil no longer exits, and these two fluids form a...
01 January 1970 6,832 0 View
Low Salinity Water Flooding (LSWF) Does the performance of LSWF (where, the injection water with a tuned chemical composition remains injected into the reservoir, filled originally with the...
01 January 1970 4,616 0 View
CO2-Flooding Feasible to prove experimentally @ laboratory-scale that residual oil saturation gets minimized upon oil getting displaced by a completely miscible fluid (corresponding to an...
01 January 1970 4,976 0 View
Global Climate Models (GCMs) 1. Whether ALL the physical processes associated with Conceptual and Mathematical Modelling of GCMs remain based on ‘Physical Laws’; and NO more ‘approximations’ are...
01 January 1970 8,175 0 View
CO2 Flood: Field Operation: Reservoir P & T 1.Since reservoir’s temperature, in general, exceeds the critical temperature of CO2 (31 deg C), whether, CO2’s density will keep on increasing...
01 January 1970 7,540 0 View
CO2 Sequestration and 4-D Seismic 1. Towards tracking the movement of CO2 plumes in carbon storage reservoirs using time-lapse seismic monitoring (where, 3-D seismic surveys are taken over...
01 January 1970 970 0 View
Net Zero and Climate Change 1. Climate change being a real physical phenomenon on this earth that keeps recurring over geological time-scales, don’t we have scientific evidences that both...
01 January 1970 742 2 View
CO2 Sequestration 1. To what extent, the concept of ‘impelling force’ introduced by Hubberts would be able to provide a useful means of visualizing the net forces acting on CO2? 2. If the...
01 January 1970 740 1 View
CO2 Sequestrated EOR 1. Whether, the extraction effect of CO2 causes the extraction of light components in crude oil into the gas phase, further reducing the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil...
01 January 1970 6,113 0 View
CO2 Leakage: A Matter of Concern? 1. If CO2 emission remains to be dangerous, then, CO2 leakage is not a concern? 2. Should CO2 migrate from the storage reservoir, multiple processes will...
01 January 1970 7,981 1 View
Climate Extremes If we could still have the occurrence of a wide variety of natural weather and climate extremes, even, if there are no anthropogenic changes in a climate, given the fact that...
01 January 1970 6,424 1 View
Characterization of Two-Phase Fluid Flow: Feasible @ Pore-Scale? 1. In continuum mechanics, where field theories remain constructed on integral balances of mass, momentum and energy, are the...
01 January 1970 8,744 0 View
LOW-SALINITY WATER-FLOODING 1. Whether ALL of the four different following mechanisms remain to behave ‘similar’ both @ laboratory-scale as well as at field-scale? (a) The presence of...
01 January 1970 3,343 0 View
Reservoir Simulation Upon the application of Darcy’s law (which arises from the momentum balance for a single fluid phase flowing through a rock matrix), Can we assume ALL the following in an oil...
01 January 1970 1,605 0 View
Enhanced Oil Recovery (IFT) Since, surface tension results in a microscopic, localized surface force that exerts itself on oil-brine elements at interfaces in both the normal and tangential...
01 January 1970 3,416 1 View
Hubbert's Fluid Potential: An Ignored Concept in Reservoir Engineering? In an isotropic reservoir, having a fluid flow, with a constant-density fluid, the flowlines will be completely dictated...
01 January 1970 1,280 1 View
CO2 Sequestrated Enhanced Oil Recovery 1. MMP refers to the pressure @ which the injected CO2 and the initial oil in place become multi-contact miscible and eventually, the displacement process...
01 January 1970 5,372 1 View
For a system with unstable fluid-fluid interfaces (resulting from intermittent pore-invasion patterns) – with significant inertial forces - along with the presence of viscous dissipation, how...
01 January 1970 4,417 1 View
Reservoir Geomechanics How easy would it remain to distinguish the following three different scenarios in a real field reservoir (with available limited data)? (A) When the magnitudes of the...
01 January 1970 7,135 0 View
CO2 Leakage Risk [Fault Data] 1. Whether ‘Fault Data’ remain to be biased? & Are they get influenced by the concerned method, as Faults are studied @ different scales and by different...
01 January 1970 152 1 View
CO2 Leakage Risk 1. After a significantly large time, following CO2 injection, and upon increasing porosity and permeability by mineral dissolution, and with volumetric expansion of CO2 with...
01 January 1970 9,500 0 View
Role of Pore Geometry in a Petroleum Reservoir Feasible to capture the actual interplay between – ‘water/oil/gas flow’ - ‘between micro-pores (say, average pore sizes lesser than 1 micron) and...
01 January 1970 6,527 0 View
Net Zero Following the adoption on the set of ethical principles relating to climate change and the clean energy transition by 195 countries in 2017 declaration, why is that, so far, not even...
01 January 1970 9,173 0 View
Peak Oil Production 1. Did the concept of Peak Worldwide Production of Crude Oil disappear (or Forgotten)? 2. No symptoms of Production Rate to Peak (at least) within the next few decades? 3....
01 January 1970 8,037 1 View
CO2-EOR Whether the wider use of CCS remains inhibited ‘ONLY’ by costs associated with CCS, where, high costs of CCS projects remains associated with their capital expenditure on setting up...
01 January 1970 3,862 1 View
1. Given the fact that with nearly one third of children with visual impairments have CVI (Cortical Visual Impairment); and with nearly two-thirds of children @ global-scale and one-third of...
01 January 1970 6,639 0 View
Chemical EOR 1. Despite the efficacy of Surfactant Flooding (which essentially improves the pore-scale displacement efficiency by reducing oil-water IFT any by modifying rock wettability), to...
01 January 1970 3,831 2 View
Climate Change, Global Warming and Water-Vapour As the quantum of water vapour remains projected to rise as a result of anthropogenic GHG-induced warming; and with reference to the trends in...
01 January 1970 3,386 0 View
Climate Change and Extreme Rainfall in Indian Coastal Cities Which of the following Indian coastal cities may get impacted extremely resulting from climate change? Mumbai, Panaji, Mangaluru,...
01 January 1970 5,777 1 View
Areal Sweep Efficiency: Apart from the dependence of “Areal Sweep Efficiency” on fluid mobilities, well pattern type, areal-heterogeneity and the total volume of injected fluid, whether it...
01 January 1970 146 2 View
Precipitation and Deposition: Biased Approach on Flow Assurance? If flow assurance of hydrocarbon solids remain dominated by the chemistry of precipitation process, how about the transport...
01 January 1970 954 1 View
Rate of RSL Rise in Chennai-India In the context of Climate Change, in the near future, whether, would there be ‘significant’ Relative Sea Level (RSL) rise in Chennai (India) that could possibly...
01 January 1970 3,517 0 View
