96 Questions 90 Answers 0 Followers
Questions related from Sumit Bhowmick
Nitration of anhydrous Ethanediol is done with Adding 65% Nitric acid with excess 98% sulfuric acid around 100 degrees C (adding one chemical drop by drop on mix of other two, allowing copious...
03 March 2023 1,674 2 View
For binary phase diagrams, Liquidus is always above connecting straight line of m.p. of two pure components (hence convex upwards) and solidus is always below that line, and hence concave upwards....
20 November 2022 2,100 3 View
This claim is from https://www.totalmateria.com/page.aspx?ID=CheckArticle&site=kts&NM=122 Higher temperature is supposed to make deformation easy , right? then why is this trend happening as per...
21 October 2022 252 0 View
This is likely to be alloy of Fe, Ni, Co and/or other REE, right? Or perhaps any well-controlled ferrimagnetic ceramic? How it has been fabricated? how the elements (and their ratio) have been chosen?
28 August 2022 3,324 0 View
While reading electronic band structure, the horizontal axis consists of some Letters of latin and greek alphabet without any obvious pattern. It turns out that there letters corresponds to...
29 March 2022 7,525 2 View
Not Aerogel/porous structure/ architecture/microstructure altering (Gyroid/ Honeycomb/Metal lattice) structures are sought for. For solid elements, it is lithium, but for all solids, what is the...
22 February 2022 4,648 4 View
I am trying to find out XRD (Phases present) with Match3 software from XRD data of sand powder, but whenever quartz sands are nearly pure, these two phases are also shown to be present. Is it due...
19 January 2022 1,765 3 View
Overlapping particles edge' cannot be detected with most image analysis software. Thresholding distorts data of particle size when particles are unequally bright. Non-spherical-shaped particles...
14 December 2021 3,857 4 View
The spot is not the typical red/brown orange rust and simple scaling off layers, rather it is a formation of innumerable mm to cm sized depressed pits with flat black bottom. The rust also has...
13 December 2021 6,164 2 View
while some ternary nitrate salt mixture can have melting point around 100 C, some ionic liquid can have melting point around 150 C. so, is there any such cutoff as it is asked ?
16 November 2021 2,048 1 View
W, Mo, Re, Os, V, Nb- these are common refractory metals, and I know of volatile oxides of W, Re, Mo and V. What about other metals? If this is the common trend, then why is this so? are the...
12 November 2021 1,995 4 View
Plain carbon steel with less than 0.5 percent carbon, when cut with a ceramic cutting disc, not only emits small sparks of metallic particles that are oxidized to incandescent glow, but also...
09 November 2021 8,201 1 View
The image is taken From Callister's Materials Science and Engineering. After glass transition, the polymer chains are mostly free to rotate and wiggle, but cannot slide past each other until...
22 August 2021 8,688 3 View
If there exists such relation, then why is this so? If such relation doesn't exist, than which molecular factors contribute to endurance limit of polymers? The image of Stress vs Fatigue cycle is...
22 August 2021 5,346 3 View
High-S, especially resulfurized steels are discouraged from Boriding. What can a 0.1% Sulfur (and 0.5% Mn in ~0.1%C steel with Minor Cr, W, Ni alloys, all below 0.5%) do harm to boriding layer? Is...
21 June 2021 7,727 2 View
The steel in question contains C~.1%, W, Mn, Cr, Ni 0.5% each, 0.04%P and .1% S. To surface harden this alloy (no way to change the bulk composition), either carburizing, nitriding or Boronizing...
13 June 2021 7,707 1 View
Any mild steel formulation would be good here. A carbon equivalent to bring effects of all other elements are highly preferred.
30 May 2021 3,222 4 View
In general, frequency of characteristic x-ray emanating from any certain element rises parabolically with Atomic Number, as per Moseley's law on X-ray. Lighter elements emit lower frequency...
30 May 2021 8,418 2 View
benzene C-C bond length is 1.39 angstrom, graphene 1.42 angstrom, so like an inscribed circle in a perfect hexagon, anything narrower than 1.20 or 1.229 angstrom diameter would suppose to pass...
28 May 2021 9,534 1 View
Usually metallic fluorosilicates are reacted with Ca/Na/K etc metal or alloys to obtain fluoride salts and silicon. But These metals are not very easily produced other than electrolysis. Is it...
23 April 2021 8,205 4 View
ASM recommends Creusot-Loire Equations to predict cooling rate to obtain some certain % of pearlite. bainite and/or martensite into steel (ASM handbook Vol.4- Heat treatment, Quantitative Aspects...
14 April 2021 7,144 0 View
For a given composition of low alloy steel, is there any formula to find out how much fraction of an alloying element would end up in ferrite and how much in pearlite if one starts from austenite...
04 April 2021 3,263 0 View
Schaeffer diagram is a satisfactory method to predict stable and metastable phase of a steel with a given composition. Critical temperature (a3 and a1) variation with alloying is also provided in...
17 March 2021 7,795 1 View
Would P and S be added to Cr or Ni equivalent? When present at a low alloy (room temperature) ferritic steel, would they aid or hinder martensite formation? The steel composition is (all wt%) C=...
15 March 2021 3,587 3 View
The alloy database says on Cu alloying of Fe (http://www.steeldata.info/inclusions/demo/help/ferro.html#Cu) " The presence of more than 0.2% Cu in steel produces a characteristic checking on...
06 March 2021 4,773 1 View
It is oftentimes said to be a distinctive metallographic trait that differentiates a fully austenitic and a fully felly ferritic steel without etching that might distinguish between two. Why...
03 March 2021 1,002 2 View
(This statement is from wikipedia, BTW). What is so special about metallic bond that is limiting high-P low-T state of a matter (as long as individual atoms exist, not white dwarf of neutron star...
03 March 2021 3,632 2 View
As I was tweaking step-by-step OpenCalphad6 Macros step1.ocm involving phase and thermal property calculation of a High-speed steel, I could not incorporate more than 6 elements in the steel...
02 March 2021 9,162 1 View
Basic dendrite formation of metallic alloys are explained by thermal and constitutional degree of supercooling and most-supercooled band of liquid somewhat ahead of solidification front that...
31 January 2021 8,683 2 View
While CCS can be employed along with a conventional Carbon-efficient EAF steelmaking process (especially from iron ore) or even Hydrogen or hydrocarbon can bee passed through central electrode,...
31 January 2021 3,604 1 View
While surface roughness is an obvious factor, this is not what is exactly asked. Rather, periodic variation of exchange current density (of an electrode) with solution chemistry (of electrolyte)...
31 January 2021 5,102 5 View
While the magnetite particles are much above single-domain limit, they indeed form spike-like structure under strong magnetic field. Would not that be predominantly caused by aligning of...
31 January 2021 7,062 3 View
A huge amount of water is evaporated to cool down and solidify the liquid metal strands coming out of bottom of CCM mould. The steam contains significant latent and sensible heat energy, besides...
27 January 2021 3,649 4 View
When first order paraxial optics is expanded to third order optics (i.e. sin x~ x-x3/3! instead of sin x~x) , these 5 optical aberrations result in. What is the rigorous mathematical proof that,...
27 January 2021 8,862 4 View
Practically this is not at all necessary. But theoretically, would hydrous/hydrothermal synthesis be enough (like mix 1 mole alumina gel and 4 mole silica gel and gently heat) or would it require...
27 January 2021 6,626 3 View
This is my very first encounter with functional equation of this kind, and methods of series solution and differential equations are of not much help. The solution to this problem, or at least the...
26 January 2021 6,300 5 View
For a function, usually sign of second derivative (and if it is zero, even/odd index of higher order derivative whose numerical value is zero) is enough to detect whether the extreme point is...
26 January 2021 7,950 3 View
This transition phenomena of Globular to spray mode as voltage , and especially current is raised, is very commonly known to Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMAW) and Gas-Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)...
21 January 2021 8,154 2 View
Suppose one needs to find out room-temperature stable silicates chemical composition of a particular cation, suppose magnesium. Is there any rule to estimate which stoichiometric values of metal...
14 January 2021 7,556 4 View
What is edibility safety of fertilizer-grade Muriate of potash? Muriate of Potash (MOP) is essentially KCl with often red rust from iron oxides. In order to balance excess Na and deficit K...
26 December 2020 6,367 6 View
For a PbO-SiO2 glass, PbO is a network modifier for up to 30-40%, but it becomes a network former at higher concentration. Why? Is it related to oxidation state change of Pb, from 2 to 4, and...
17 November 2020 679 1 View
ferrite, cementite, austenite and martensite are enough to describe phase constituent of a vast number of steels. But has there been any extensive research on partition coefficient of impurities...
14 November 2020 9,961 4 View
The basics of electronic conductivity can be explained without inciting quantum mechanics or brillouin zone- simply by virtue of outermost free electrons of metallic elements (from electronic...
08 November 2020 3,342 1 View
There are large volume of handbooks that prescribe suitable etchant for a particular metal or ceramic, But their theoretical justification is hardly ever mentioned. Then, is it possible to...
01 November 2020 9,862 4 View
Wavelength of light is an obvious factor, but this is not my point of question Some specific questions are What can be molecular/atomic level mechanism behind temperature and density dependence of...
12 October 2020 490 8 View
ammonium chloride is said to convert solid oxides on metal surface to volatile chlorides (ammonia is a gas), but what about the Oxygen that is taken out of oxide? Does the "ammonium oxide" break...
28 September 2020 6,720 1 View
L'Huillier's theorem or calculation of spherical excess of "spherical triangle" formed between the unit vectors on unit sphere can find out the area, but how to explain this formula from purely...
24 September 2020 9,427 4 View
I want to know density of liquid soap/detergent-alcohol-water solution. Any ternary or pseudoternary description of components will be helpful. technically some sol-gel formation or colloidal...
20 September 2020 4,026 2 View
This is likely a question which is to be regarded idiotic by Metallurgists and Geologists alike, but I think such Characterization have never been tried. Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Ti There are...
23 August 2020 5,305 1 View
This question is broken down to some more sophisticated questions How geometry (standing waves, normal modes of vibration), mechanical properties (young's modulus and resilience energy, density)...
31 May 2020 5,300 0 View
Some rocks with appreciable amount of felsic and mafic minerals have been crushed. In order to melt the rock at low temperature and/or to leach water-soluble cations, either boric acid (H3BO3) or...
06 March 2020 9,711 1 View
Puffed rice, a common snack in south asia, is often manufactured with aid of fertilizer-grade urea, which i, think can physically do harm. This practice is highly controversial and often banned,...
25 January 2020 487 2 View
Far-infrared ceramic beads can emit infrared radiation ; but can not all object at nonzero absolute temperature emit blackbody radiation? What is special about these ceramic beads that are used in...
19 January 2020 6,963 1 View
some metal surfaces, rubbed against each other squeaks in a shrilling high frequency. Why? What is the role of surface roughness, friction factor, geometric shape, stress distribution,solid and...
01 January 2020 2,631 1 View
Consider a simple ionic compound or metal. What would be symmetry of its crystal structure under a given temperature and pressure? How and why free energy of crystal lattice with different...
01 January 2020 7,024 1 View
One can argue for thin-film interference of protective oxide film (that has varying thickness) that have been eroded-corroded to various thickness. But why does this pattern last long? Does oxide...
01 January 2020 5,934 1 View
Raoultian and henrian models linearize some nonlinear parameter, regular solution model introduce an \alpha factor for thermodynamic activity coefficient. Is it possible to derive parameters of...
01 January 2020 7,650 4 View
If oscillating electromagnetic field, as per dictated by laws of Maxwell, Joule, Navier-Stokes (and Lorentz) holds, then for an unidirectional circulation of molten metal by electric field can...
30 December 2019 9,126 3 View
The liquid flow is incompressible, steady state and effect of mass transfer and voltization of liquid can be neglected. I am trying to start from vector form of Navier-stokes equation \rho D/Dt...
30 December 2019 2,597 2 View
suppose the fireclay is kaolin. the formation of metakaolin at about 600 C- can it be reverted? Progressive temperature rise causes spinel-like 2Al2O3.3SiO2 at about 950 C and mullite formation at...
30 December 2019 4,823 3 View
Mn is soluble in iron and so are solid solubility of their oxides. Si comes from clay and gangue, and also rocks that surrounds the iron ore. what about geological association of P and S with Fe?...
30 December 2019 7,292 1 View
Suppose high temperature (200-400 C) and pressure (1-20 atm). Will this process be an artificially accelerated weathering? rock/soil/and/clay of typical global surface composition may be assumed...
30 December 2019 8,798 2 View
Steel can have ferrite and pearlite, but they are microscopically distinguished only after etching. rolling of modern day steel sheets also do not have such watermark pattern in general. What...
30 December 2019 5,675 0 View
If experimentally such is done, what would be reactants and products? is it possible for lime and wustite rich BOF slag to feed int blast furnace if the pig iron contains low phosphorus?
30 December 2019 5,430 0 View
How entering of triiodide ion into starch coils change electronic structure of iodine? iodine is post-transitional element, so , can ligand field theory be applied here? How the electronic...
30 December 2019 6,746 3 View
All organs are not equally damaged by same amount of radiation dosage. But, on which basis equivalency is measured? (i..e 1 gray in this organ equals 10 sievert) Is it arbitrarily qualitative or...
21 November 2019 7,833 6 View
Please explain objects that are required on a day-to-day basis (e.g. GPS, and not Gravitational wave for general relativity;STM, and not entanglement for Quantum mechanics, Anisotropic stress...
21 November 2019 6,076 3 View
Any synthetic analogue of Hemoglobin or any other Xenobiological agents can be cited as example. Please provide links and references.
21 November 2019 9,018 4 View
Is transparency of organic compound crystal depends only on whether polymeric chain entanglement (disorderly arrangement) is on the order of wavelength of light or not? and whether the molecular...
21 November 2019 4,209 4 View
curves' curvature is simply radius of osculating circle inverted. A surfaces' curvature varies with orientation of plane that cuts the surface into curve-but at two orientations, curvature...
21 November 2019 5,260 2 View
For example, water surface depressed by putting floating needle on water, or feet of water strider insect, whose surface can be expressed by an equation
21 November 2019 7,291 2 View
I know reduction reaction of Silica with carbon, also principle of Zone refining or single-crystal generation process. I also heard of silicon chloride purification process,But I know not ore...
20 November 2019 987 4 View
Which molecular properties cause oil rancidification other than unsaturated C-C bond? Does ester bond braking rancidification continue without moisture?
16 November 2019 6,166 1 View
Cast iron is metal, not ceramic. But it is brittle, and quite strong. What can be additives that can be added to increase its strength, corrosion resistance and high temperature stability so that...
16 November 2019 6,865 3 View
Usually explanation of glass transparency is given on its amorphous nature, and its short range order is of much smaller range of visible light. But crystallized glass do have lattice parameters...
16 November 2019 1,557 2 View
This can be a possible biological extraction method for iron ore extraction from the soil that would be too lean to be ore. as i know, bog iron deposits do not regularly correspond with location...
16 November 2019 2,449 1 View
Active vs. passive matrix is explained in popular science websites as simultaneous turning on-off, one row or one pixel at a time or power efficiency. But how are they related to "matrix" active...
16 November 2019 5,700 3 View
Ni in austenitic steel, is commonly said, imparts strength and stabilizes face centered cubic structure, and has less role to play in corrosion resistance. For Pure iron, alpha-iron is also...
16 November 2019 4,563 3 View
I am a materials science undergrad, interested to know the algorithms for numerical integration of equation of motion in computational materials science, like molecular dynamics. It is said that,...
13 November 2019 3,967 2 View
Damping of oscillation by interstitial atom movement through lattice shows a damping peak. Why the damping is frequency dependent, while interstitials transit from site to site, and restoring...
13 November 2019 7,705 1 View
From the following source ( https://image.slidesharecdn.com/01a-140115100256-phpapp01/95/inclusion-control-for-clean-steel-10-638.jpg?cb=1389780338 ) automotive steel sheets and line pipes can...
13 November 2019 7,448 4 View
Does Martensite form in all alloyed metals that are BCC at ambient and FCC at higher temperature, and can accept same alloying element in various interstices at both FCC and BCC structures? I know...
05 November 2019 9,464 3 View
Mercury can amalgamate both very active and very noble metals, with exception of Fe, Pt, W,Ta. Why and how Mercury can combine with such diverse array of metals but not these ones? Some answers...
05 November 2019 763 0 View
Why shape of an orbital calculated by solving schrodinger's equation on hydrogen atom is closely followed by other atoms, even when net force on an individual electron is no longer central and...
04 November 2019 9,876 2 View
using de broglie's formula, electron with a drift velocity of few mm/s has de broglie wavelength at radio or microwave frequency range. Does this have any significant implication. i.e....
04 November 2019 4,444 3 View
What are the causes and mechanisms of plastic deformation of ceramics, polymers, composites acros macro, micro and nano scales? how theses mechanisms can be compared with metal? please provide...
04 November 2019 3,841 3 View
what is mass-based and volume-based energy storage capacity of ATP and typical carbohydrates? Is it possible for an autotroph to be evolved/found that convert sunlight into energy of ATP, store...
04 November 2019 7,708 2 View
Octo-Alloy, also called Ashtadhatu, is a traditional alloy to produce religious idols, ornaments and sculptures in indian subcontinent. My question regarding the alloy is According to wikipedia,(...
30 October 2019 4,712 4 View
Has there been any extensive work on Bowen's reaction series for lava/magma fractional crystallization bases on rigorous thermodynamics and chemistry viewpoint? Please let me know if there is any...
03 October 2019 608 3 View
Planetary interiors have pressure and temperature far different from surface, and both physics and chemistry takes unexpected turns on this region. Is there any good textbook or overview article...
01 October 2019 5,478 1 View
Does a superfluid have zero viscosity or zero surface tension or both? Does not zero surface tension guarantee creeping against gravity? if so, then why Wikipedia mentions only zero viscosity? (...
01 October 2019 3,004 6 View
in steel smelting reduction (SR), especially 2- stage SR, Oxygen bottom-blowing is necessary for bath smelting, so is top lancing. Precisely these two are required for basic oxygen steelmaking...
29 September 2019 6,817 0 View
is there any major design difference in between smelting reduction (SR) Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and steelmaking EAF? since present day EAF are capable of oxygen lancing or blowing like basic...
25 September 2019 9,123 1 View
(The image is taken from wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_(crystal_structure) , and I claim no originality of creating the image) The reason of the following structures are...
01 January 1970 3,875 3 View
I have an idea to run some computational phase diagram codes on OpenCalphad , for a rather strange purpose ( see my question...
01 January 1970 9,166 1 View
For a complex alloy (suppose Al-Si-Mg-Fe-Cu) , there are multiple linked potential files available in interatomic potential repository, but only a single potential file suffices for...
01 January 1970 8,639 2 View
