in steel smelting reduction (SR), especially 2- stage SR, Oxygen bottom-blowing is necessary for bath smelting, so is top lancing. Precisely these two are required for basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS), especially LD process as well. in SR, nearly half of the metal in one batch is not tapped to be decarburized by next batch Wustite/ iron ore charge. My question is, (taking into account that ironmaking is reducing process and steelmaking is oxidation process from metal/ore perspective), is it possible to do SR and BOS in same vessel?

then, what would be the lining material? will using iron oxide as working lining help?

will combining Fe obtained from SR (with already low S content by reducing SR environment) with controlled amount of CaO (and other flux) , some iron ore and oxygen lancing on same vessel yield steel with low/tolerable C,P,Mn,Si,S content?

if this scheme works, and CO from both BOS and SR is utilized for ore pre-reduction and power generation, how much energy can be saved?