39 Questions 68 Answers 0 Followers
Questions related from Foroogh Khodadadi
Dear researchers, I have a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder that the powders stuck together and created large particles (agglomeration). I have been able to reduce the size of the polymer...
24 December 2022 5,973 3 View
Dear researchers, Merck Co. introduced a withdrawal system with manual pressure build-up for solvents in bottles (See the attached photo). Using this equipment to remove solvents is safe, easy...
22 December 2022 8,449 4 View
Dear researchers, We know that spiral wound, hollow fiber, and plate and frame configurations are three membrane module types. However, no particular text is about the fabrication of plate and...
21 October 2022 3,340 0 View
Dear researchers, Considering the dimensions of the Plexiglass DCMD cell, I want to fabricate a VMD cell only by removing the cold water inlet. Then we have one inlet (hot water) and two...
11 October 2022 2,159 0 View
Dear researchers, I am preparing a VMD setup on a lab scale. As you know, VMD needs a vacuum pump. However, there are many types of the vacuum pumps such as: rotary vane vacuum pumps. diaphragm...
11 October 2022 387 1 View
Dear researchers, It seems that in the vacuum membrane distillation process, the vacuum pump is connected to the permeate tank. If it is true, the vapore/water can enter to the vacuum pump and...
07 October 2022 7,035 0 View
Dear researcher, Grafting is a common method for modifying the polymeric membrane surface to be more anti-fouling. But, can we use this method for surface modification in pilot and industrial...
05 September 2022 4,958 1 View
Dear researchers, How can we warm a very high TDS water on the lab and pilot scale? Thank you so much Regardson
28 August 2022 5,990 1 View
Dear researchers, I do not know how to use Origin software to draw a graph with very high (3000) and very low (100) numbers on the vertical axis. Could you please help me?
06 August 2021 6,898 1 View
Dear researchers, It is clear that BSA protein is the most common solute for membrane performance examination. However, there is no reference to check the MWCO of the membranes based on BSA...
30 April 2020 6,233 3 View
Dear researchers, The mentioned solvents are organic solvents and it is thought that they can dissolve the oils. If they are not capable to do this, what is the reason? Regards DMAc:...
26 February 2020 267 2 View
Dear researcher, We all use the non-solvent additives to improve the structure and performance of the polymeric membranes. However, the non-solvent additives can be easily washed out quickly with...
30 December 2019 5,459 1 View
Dear researchers, I want to put my SEM photos together to have a picture like the attached photos for my article. Could you please guide me what is the software that I can use? Regards
17 December 2019 4,257 12 View
Dear researchers, I want to determine the estrogen hormone concentration in water. Where is the special laboratory to do this in Iran? Could you please guide me? Best regards
12 December 2019 2,927 2 View
Dear researchers, There are some white bubbles on the surface of the SEM micrographs. What are these particles? Kind regards Foroogh
26 November 2019 5,466 3 View
It is reported that PES/DMSO membranes are too brittle. Is there any method or additive to make them more flexible? Regards
19 October 2019 1,717 6 View
Dear researchers, The surfactants are extracted from the nature are more useful. Can any one introduce an available cheap (herbal) surfactant to produce water/oil emulsion? Thank you so much....
09 March 2019 4,624 7 View
Dear Researchers, I need a 3D photo of a porous material such as attached one only to show the porosity, not for analyzing porous materials. Can any one help me? Regards Foroogh
20 October 2018 7,504 6 View
Hi, How can I produce 3D photos like the attached one? That is not for analysis. This is only for showing porous materials. Regards
20 October 2018 9,676 3 View
There are some abnormal particles, which have smallpox form, on the SEM cross section images of NF PES membranes. What are these?
10 March 2018 9,915 4 View
I made an UF membrane with 22 wt% of PVDF polymer and 5 wt% PEG200 in the casting solution. The dope solution was viscose. Some irregular lines are observed on the surface SEM micrograph. Are they...
08 March 2018 3,914 3 View
Overall porosity is a sign of voids and holes in the membrane matrix. How does it affect on membrane rejection percent?
06 March 2018 6,863 2 View
We all know that dead-end cell has vertical pressure and cross flow has horizontal pressure on the membrane surface. What is the correlation between these two pressures? I tested my membranes with...
06 March 2018 5,552 7 View
I think BSA molecules are hydrophobic and are attracted by polymeric hydrophobic surface by van der waals forces and it causes concentration polarization which makes flux decline. But can we say...
05 March 2018 3,659 2 View
Hi to all. I want to know what happen in phase inversion in the coagulation bath deeply. For sure the Gibbs free energy, Entropy and Enthalpy have important roles in this process.
03 February 2018 4,054 4 View
I saw the PEGs (for ex PEG200) in surfactant classification list, but these materials can not form a micelle. What is the reason?
24 December 2017 487 3 View
Its common to use the protein or Dextran (3 to 2000 KDa) solutions for detecting the MWCO of UF membranes. But, What is the cheapest solution for characterizing the UF polymeric membranes with...
22 December 2017 2,522 4 View
For characterization of a membrane, we have to test different sections and then consider the average of the results. Why do they have different properties !?
21 December 2017 631 2 View
The dynamics of wet phase inversion were characterized by the solvent-nonsolvent exchange rate, which could give information concerning the development of morphology and the structure of the...
12 November 2017 7,859 0 View
One of the important factor on the membrane performance is heat treatment or thermal annealing. What is the effects of thermal annealing during membrane fabrication process on the membrane...
11 November 2017 3,370 2 View
UF membranes use for RO pretreatment. If MWCO of UF membrane is low for sure the UF membrane fouling would be sever. And if the MWCO is high the solutes would pass and then we have sever fouling...
16 October 2017 856 6 View
A polymeric solution consist of base polymer + solvent+ additives. During phase inversion process in the coagulation bath additives leach out. Is it necessary to leach out all of them from the...
26 September 2017 9,204 1 View
How do we determine the concentration of organic materials like DMAc or PEG in a dilute aqueous solution? do you know any sensor ?
24 September 2017 3,895 3 View
After casting step, the nascent membrane is immersed in coagulation bath (pure water, 20 C). The second bath is related to washing the membrane and removing exist solvent. What is the best...
10 September 2017 4,226 0 View
We have Three materials here : PEG + LiCl + DMAc Could you help me to know what the intermolecular force and sterostructure are between them? PEG + LiCl PEG+ DMAc
08 September 2017 5,313 3 View
How these materials interact with each other ?
05 September 2017 7,579 3 View
Some papers reported the value of the Hansen Solubility Parameters of Different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol like PEG200,400,600,6000 that are different with toghether. Reference of...
04 October 2016 495 1 View
Dextran have been used for determination the MWCO of UF membranes. Separation results of TOC tests for Dextran 150 KDa is like Dextran 70 KDa. And some sources suggested that if ultrafiltration...
02 October 2016 5,828 4 View
The result of ultrafiltration test for bovine serum albumin (BSA), with MW=67000, indicates by the high rejection rate of 99%, while the TOC’s result for Dexteran (MW=150000) unexpectedly...
07 June 2016 6,435 5 View
