Dear researcher,

We all use the non-solvent additives to improve the structure and performance of the polymeric membranes. However, the non-solvent additives can be easily washed out quickly with the solvent during the formation of the membrane as well as the cleaning process.

How can we calculate the amount of residual non-solvent (pore-former) additives in the membrane using IR spectra analyses?

There is a reference in this matter but I cannot understand the method that they used.

Article Leaching of PVP from polyacrylonitrile/PVP blending membrane...

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