Competent yeast cell preparation makes use of PEG which has been implicated in bringing the cells and the plasmid in close proximity for effective transformation. Is there any proper evidence for this? What are the alernatives for PEG?
Presence of high concentration of macromolecules (e.g., PEG) can constrain the "movable space" of other macromolecule (e.g., DNA), which can give a same effect as increased concentration of the second macromolecule (DNA).
This is the theory, but I am not sure if the mechanism is experimentally proven for yeast transformation.