I think that some of the (non-antibody) nuclear stains would work fine (see attachment), coupled with an antibody to identify your cell population of interest.
As Omar pointed out - DNA content will tell you if your cells are in G1, S phase, or G2/M. If you want to distinguish between G2 and mitosis you could stain with anti-phospho histone H3, which is specific for mitotic chromatin.
Just add to Omar and Nicola's answers, you can also combine PI with different kind of cyclins antibody staining. Cyclin D for G1, cyclin E for S phase, cyclin A for G2, cyclin B for M. I think it is also possible to combine together with the EDU click assay. So that you can get more accurate picture of the cell cycle dynamics.