among the endogenous enzymes like, glutathione, superoxide, catalase and glutatione-s-transferase, what would be the most important for human ?? and what is the reason??
Among the proteins mentioned, GSH may be more importance to the rest.
GSH has variety of roles to play. Here are some points:
1. Regulation of cell growth and division. For cells to grow and divide they go through several very complex stages. Glutathione reduces the oxides, such as hydrogen peroxide, inside the cell that would otherwise prevent cell division and growth.
2. Glutathione protects the DNA from oxidative stress during cell division which allows for DNA synthesis (division). When the DNA is mutated by a free radical stealing an electron from the DNA, glutathione repairs the mutated DNA by giving up an electron to the DNA (replacing the DNA’s missing electron).
3. Glutathione maintains proteins in their proper form. Its sulfur atom reacts with unnatural sulfur-sulfur bonds in proteins, breaking them and allowing the proper pairings to form.
4. Detoxification (metabolism or biotransformation – breaking down, activating or transforming)
In the liver, the enzyme glutathione S-transferase takes the sulfur from glutathione and attaches it to toxic molecules, this makes the toxin more water soluble (it is diluted in water easily). Once a toxin is water soluble, it is transported to the body's elimination systems and is excreted from the body.
5. White blood cells need glutathione in order to be made.
thank you, i agree with you, gsh has been called the mother of all antioxidants after all ..... however, i heard someone said sod is the most important and i cant get convinced to that,,,,, so still waiting for the input of other researchers
Enzymes are sparks of life . They are catalysts, and without their catalytic action most reactions in our bodies would take several years to complete therefore unable to sustain life! Keep in mind, generally our diets are very poor and our bodies cannot produce the proper enzymes that are needed.
Digestive Enzymes are secreted along the gastrointestinal tract and break down foods enabling the nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream for various bodily functions.
Metabolic Enzymes are those enzymes that catalyze various chemical reactions within the cells, such as energy production and detoxification. All of the body's organs, tissues, and cells are run by the metabolic enzymes. They are found in the blood, organs, and tissues doing their specific work. An example of an important metabolic enzyme is SOD, superoxide dismutase. SOD is found in our Wonderzyme. SOD is an antioxidantthat protects the cells by attacking a common free radical, superoxide.
Food Enzymes These enzymes are found in foods from both animal and plant sources. Foods such as papaya and pineaple contain proteolytic enzymes (papain and bromelain).Proteolytic enzymes break down dietary proteins and may have value on fighting cancer and other diseases, able to break the protein wall around cancer cells. These enzymes are only found in "raw" foods, foods taht have not been heated beyound 139°F. Enzymes are completely destroyed in all foods that are canned, pasteurized, baked, roasted, stewed or fried.
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List of enzymes
Amylase
Bromelain
Coenzyme Q10
Lactase
Protease
Lipase
Maltase
Lactase - breaks down lactose (milk sugars)
Diastase - digests vegetable starch
Sucrase - digests complex sugars and starches
Maltase - digests disaccharides to monosaccharides (malt sugars)
Invertase - breaks down sucrose (table sugar)
Glucoamylase - breaks down starch to glucose
Alpha-glactosidase - facilitates digestion of beans, legumes, seeds, roots, soy products, and underground stem
Proteases - breaks down proteins found in meats, nuts, eggs, and cheese
Pepsin - breaks down proteins into peptides
Peptidase - breaks down small peptide proteins to amino acids
Trypsin - derived from animal pancreas, breaks down proteins
Alpha - chymotrypsin, an animal-derived enzyme, breaks down proteins
Bromelain - derived from pineapple, breaks down a broad spectrum of proteins, has antiinflammatory properties, effective over very wide pH range.
Papain - derived from raw papaya, broad range of substrates and pH, works well breaking down small and large proteins
Lipase - breaks down fats found in most dairy products, nuts, oils, and meat
Cellulase - breaks down cellulose, plant fiber; not found in humans
Other Enzymes
Betaine HCL - increases the hydrochloric acid content of the upper digestive system; activates the protein digesting enzyme pepsin in the stomach (does not influence plant- or fungal-derived enzymes)
CereCalase - a unique cellulase complex from National Enzyme Company that maximizes fiber and cereal digestion and absorption of essential minerals; an exclusive blend of synergistic phytase, hemicellulase, and beta-glucanase
Endoprotease - cleaves peptide bonds from the interior of peptide chains
Exoprotease - cleaves off amino acids from the ends of peptide chains
Extract of ox bile - an animal-derived enzyme, stimulates the intestine to move
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) - helps support the growth of friendly intestinal microbes, also inhibits the growth of harmful species
L-glutamic acid - activates the protein digesting enzyme pepsin in the stomach
lysozyme - an animal-derived enzyme, and a component of every lung cell; lysozyme is very important in the control of infections, attacks invading bacterial and viruses
Papayotin - from papaya
Pancreatin - an animal-derived enzyme, breaks down protein and fats
Pancrelipase - an animal-derived enzyme, breaks down protein, fats, and carbohydrates
Pectinase - breaks down the pectin in fruit
Phytase - digests phytic acid, allows minerals such as calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, etc. to be more available by the body, but does not break down any food proteins
Xylanase - breaks down xylan sugars, works well with grains such as corn
Other general terms for enzymes referring to their general action instead of specific action
Endopeptidase: Enzymes that cleave proteins only on the inside
Exopeptidase: Enzymes that cleave proteins only on the outside (terminal) part
Aminopeptidase: Exopeptidase that cleaves at the amino terminating end
Carboxypeptidase: Exopeptidase that cleaves at the carboxy terminating end
Speaking from a perspective of homeostasis and maintaining equilibrium inside biological systems I will put Carbonic anhydraze and GSH on the top list. Speaking on enzymes that helped evolution of carbon-based Life I will put rubisco and ribonucleotide reductases on the top list.
In reply to your question, look at use of nanotechnology and "protease enzyme" in cheese ripening. It is one of the most important enzymes in Human nutrition and diary product manufacture:
Jahadi, M., Khosravi-Darani, K., Ehsani, M. R., Mozafari, M. R., Saboury, A. A., Seydahmadian, F., & Vafabakhsh, Z. (2012). Evaluating the effects of process variables on protease-loaded nano-liposome production by Plackett-Burman design for utilizing in cheese ripening acceleration.Asian Journal of Chemistry, 24(9), 3891.