Appropriate concentrations of Penicillin and Streptomycin are used as antibiotics to prevent bacterial contamination in cell culture. Penicillin basically inhibits the peptidoglycan synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, streptomycin binds to the 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and inhibits the protein synthesis. But none of these antibiotic have a known effect on the normal human cells.
My question is how come the growth of the cells is affected by the high concentration of these two antibiotics, even though they dont have any effect any of the cellular molecules?
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