If affinity of a protein changes, it might alter the post translational modification or might add a modification to the protein. How do I find which are the possible changes that occur to affect the affinity of the protein?
1. Look into the literature first what is known about regulation of affinity (i suppose here we are talking about afinity towards another protein) by post translational modification.
Some of the handy methods (available in almost all labs)
1. e.g. if it is phosphorylation: phosphospecific antibodies for your protein of interest , if available, you could use to directly check phosphorylation.
Otherwise go look for : antibodies to detect the phosphorylation of specific amino acids (pS, pT, pY). Immunoprecipitate your protein of interst and look whether you you get a band with any of these.
2. You could check whether Ubiquitination is involved: Immunoprecipitate your protein of interst and look whether you get a band with polyub antibody.
sometimes simply higher exposure of your autorad from western where you ran lysates containing your protein of interst could give you HMW bands, if UB is there.
If you dont want to be exploratory:
1. 2DGE is an option: separates proteins on the basis of charge and mw.has sufficient resolution to separate the modification states of a protein . It is often better to enrich your protein of interest( immunoprecipitation or chromatographic purifications ) to make it less complex.