Dear colleague,
as I assume these are cleared and stained complete roots. The clusters of small spores of Polymyxa species - supposedly Polymyxa graminis which is often found in small grain roots, maize roots and roots of grasses. But for sure these are no arbuscular mycorrhizal structures. But in the right part of the slide mycelium can be found - but also this must not necessarily mycorrhizal origin - this can also be other root parasitic fungi.
The typical structures - the arbuscules - can not be identified. Sorry ...
One more comment: the Polymyxa infection normally is not affecting the plant development and yield to a remarkable extent. They are obligate biotrophic fungi - you can not recognize necrotic reactions or damage - but they are important virus vectors.
Yes, I was sure, it was not a mycorrhiza, but not wise, that structure was.Thank you.
You can find Polymyxa species in roots of grasses, small grains as well as maize. The damage is limited - but these fungi are able to transfer severe Virus diseases.- like Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus (BaYMV) and Soil Borne Wheat Mosaic Virus (SBWMV).
Therefore they become important in crop rotation - only cereals and maize increase the Polymyxa sp. populations.
Recommendation is interesting because it is a monoculture of maize.
Sure, it is not AM fungi structure. It seems endophytic fungi. I found the same structure in Atriplex nummularia plants collected from field.
We tried maize variety having high root biomass to raise AM fungus inoculant, but percent infection in maize was low (about 30%) and such structures we could not observe in maize. Simple infection and arbuscules were observed.
Observations: This particular Structure ∞ 1/(arbuscular or vesical development {G. proliferum & some times G. clarum, G. claroideum}) .... but G. intraradices (DAOM197198/ Glomus irregulare), G. diaphanum, G. celebrifome and G. intraradices was not affected like that in vivo sterile sand culture.................
The structures do not correspond to vesicular arbuscular fungi. I agree with the approach of Prof. Dehne who hypothesizes that the structures correspond to Polimyxa. More information http://pbt.padil.gov.au/index.php?q=node/7&pbtID=97
Apreciado Dr.Galileo
Gracias por ampliarnos la información de éste plasmodioforoide, muy interesante la pagina PADIL. Tengo un gran vinculo con Costa Rica, realice alli en la UNA mis estudios de posgrado.
saludos
Dear colleague,
I also agree with Prof. Dehne. There are two kinds of infections in this root segment, first is of Polymyxa sp. which is darkly blue stained & in aggregated form and other which is mycelial type and faintly stained. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection is not seen in the segment. Sometimes similar structures are also seen in grass species which are Microsclerotia formed by Dark Septate Endophytic fungi in roots, but theses are not blue stained with Trypan blue; these remain brown to reddish in colour and irregular & networked structures but not like Polymyxa sp.
Vipin Parkash
Most of the structure in your root picture show the microsclerotia (ms) which may part of DSE (Dark Septate Endophyte) which sometimes appear either individually or along with AM fungi. But I don't sure the structures of AM fungi in your picture, because no aseptate hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles present in it.
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