I think you could use polysaccharide dyes as Calcofluor White M2R (CFW), that stains beta-polysaccharides, and Concanavalin A-Tetramethylrhodamine conjugate (ConA-TMR), that stains α-mannopyranosyl and α-glucopyranosyl residues. There is also a protein dye (Sypro Ruby). These dyes should stain not only EPS, but also bacteria. If you want to distinguish microbial cells from matrix you could also use SYBR green or SYTO 9. Anyway I am not sure about bio-compatibility.
Check this paper for further information, maybe could be useful.
Article Evaluation and optimization of multiple fluorophore analysis...
Hi, we also use the FilmTracer dyes from Thermofisher (https://www.thermofisher.com/za/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/microbiological-analysis/filmtracer-biofilm-stains.html)
I have only used FM1-43, which worked beautifully, but there are others which are targeted at the matrix, or the cells and matrix combined.