What is the best place for getting aqueous solution samples to determine the solvent concentration during the phase inversion process?

More Foroogh Khodadadi's questions See All

Which laboratories or institutes in Iran are able to determine estrogen hormone concentrations?

Dear researchers, I want to determine the estrogen hormone concentration in water. Where is the special laboratory to do this in Iran? Could you please guide me? Best regards

11 December 2019 5,705 2 View

How can we calculate the amount of residual non-solvent (pore-former) additives in the membranes?

Dear researcher, We all use the non-solvent additives to improve the structure and performance of the polymeric membranes. However, the non-solvent additives can be easily washed out quickly with...

11 December 2019 5,714 1 View

How can I prepare the polymeric solutions ( polymer+solvent) without using magnets because of removing the PTEE white coating of magnet during mixing?

Dear researchers, I want to produce PES solutions using DMSO as the solvent. I have some tiny white particles in my polymeric solutions even after 48 h mixing using magnetic stirrer at 50 C. I...

09 October 2019 7,755 6 View

Is it true to consider the long macrovoids of a porous membrane as micro-channels?

Hi researchers, Based on the SEM images of the membrane cross section, at the sub-layer of a porous membrane, there are many long macro-voids. Can these macro-voids be considered as...

09 October 2019 7,597 2 View

Can Ethyl lactate dissolve the polysulfone family polymers?

Dear researchers, Ethyl lactate is a green solvent which can be replaced by toxic solvents such as DMAc, DMF, NMP, etc. But there are only a few reports for CA/Ethyl lactate. It seems this solvent...

07 August 2019 4,221 11 View

What is the reason for inserting RO modules "horizontally" in water treatment companies?

Hi researchers, The RO modules are designed in "horizontal packs" in water treatment companies. What is the reason? Could you please give me a reference? Regards Foroogh

31 December 2018 4,971 9 View

How can we estimate the bound water in a dried porous solid and the appropiriate residual moisture concentration?

We all know that during solid drying, free water and bound water has two different mechanisms. How can we estimate the bound water concentration in a porous solid?

08 September 2018 9,735 2 View

What is the difference between mixed polymer solutions by different kinds of impellers (mixer blades)?

Dear researchers, I used 3 different impellers to prepare the same polymer solution (fixed composition) which their pictures were attached. Why the prepared polymer solutions have different...

08 September 2018 7,674 22 View

What is the effect of turbulence and reynolds number on polymer solution properties during mixing step?

Dear researchers, I am preparing polymer solutions with this composition: Polymer= PVDF - 18 wt% Additive= PEG200- 5 wt% Solvent= DMAc- 77 wt% Firstly DMAc+ PEG mix at 100 rpm and 25 C and then...

08 September 2018 9,483 7 View

What are important differences between Lab-scale (glass bottle-50gr) and Pilot-scale (buchi vessel- 1 kg) polymer solution preparation?

Dear researchers, I am producing polymer solutions in both Lab and Pilot scales for membrane manufacturing. What are important differences between Lab-scale (glass bottle-50gr) and Pilot-scale...

08 September 2018 5,074 12 View

what is the simplest definition of ion exchange capacity

What this unit identifies for the ion exchange capacity ca. 0.92 meq. g-1. I am a newcomer in the membrane area. I just started. I highly appreciate your help

08 May 2021 0 0 View

what is the simplest definition of ion exchange capacity

What this unit identifies for the ion exchange capacity ca. 0.92 meq. g-1. I am a newcomer in the membrane area. I just started. I highly appreciate your help

08 May 2021 0 0 View

Polymer composites suddenly solidifies?

I am making polymer composite by solvent mixing method. When I am trying to add filler solution in polymer solution it quickly get solidified. How to make them then uinform? It doesn't give time...

03 March 2021 7,540 4 View

Why can't make aluminum nitride film successfully by use sputter?

We use reactive sputtering process to make aluminum nitride film, and want to make c-axis aluminum nitride film on a silicon substrate, but the crystal orientation cannot be seen with...

03 March 2021 7,975 3 View

What solvent can I used for Paal Knorr reaction between 6-amino hexanoic acid and 2.5 hexanedione?

I am try to make the Paal Knorr reaction between 2.5 hexnedione and 6-amino hexanoic acid, my problem is type of solvent to use, because 6-hexaminohexanoic acid is soluble in water but I am not...

02 March 2021 4,443 2 View

How to polymerize TEOS?

I want to polymerize TEOS on a surface. I know that NH4OH is a preferred catalyst and an alcoholic solvent should be used .But I can not find certain amounts of each material to use. Does any one...

02 March 2021 1,404 6 View

How can extract ciprofloxacin hydrochloride disolve in water er to organic solvent such as dichloromethan or any other solvent?

I need a procedure to extract the ciprofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous solution by using dichloromethane in detail,. I thank you very much.

01 March 2021 4,306 1 View

How to separate water from glycerol solvent in a solvent recovery vacuum distillation column?

I am currently doing my third year design project. I have been assigned to design a glycerol recovery column in vinyl acetate monomer production. The process unit before the recovery column is an...

01 March 2021 9,525 4 View

How to check the uv-vis absorption of nanoparticle by surface plasmon resonance?

I try to check the uv-vis absorption of Indium nanoparticle. Now I am measuring in solution, can I measure it in the form of a film?

01 March 2021 930 3 View

1 nm thick MgO thin-film to be deposited on Si wafer using thermal evaporation. What will be the optimum deposition conditions?

Favourable conditions of base pressure, rate of deposition. Also, by which characterisation technique to be used to verify the thickness of the deposited film.

28 February 2021 3,640 3 View

Mario Andres Noriega

The membrane fabrication with phase inversion is an equilibrium process, for this reason, the correct solvent concentration will be located in the entire aqueous phase after the equilibrium process. you can calculate the initial solvent content with a mass balance.

Foroogh Khodadadi

Dear Mario,

Thanks for your time. I appreciate your support.

Regards