How can we estimate the bound water in a dried porous solid and the appropiriate residual moisture concentration?

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How can we calculate the amount of residual non-solvent (pore-former) additives in the membranes?

Dear researcher, We all use the non-solvent additives to improve the structure and performance of the polymeric membranes. However, the non-solvent additives can be easily washed out quickly with...

11 December 2019 5,873 1 View

Which laboratories or institutes in Iran are able to determine estrogen hormone concentrations?

Dear researchers, I want to determine the estrogen hormone concentration in water. Where is the special laboratory to do this in Iran? Could you please guide me? Best regards

11 December 2019 5,858 2 View

How can I prepare the polymeric solutions ( polymer+solvent) without using magnets because of removing the PTEE white coating of magnet during mixing?

Dear researchers, I want to produce PES solutions using DMSO as the solvent. I have some tiny white particles in my polymeric solutions even after 48 h mixing using magnetic stirrer at 50 C. I...

09 October 2019 7,895 6 View

Is it true to consider the long macrovoids of a porous membrane as micro-channels?

Hi researchers, Based on the SEM images of the membrane cross section, at the sub-layer of a porous membrane, there are many long macro-voids. Can these macro-voids be considered as...

09 October 2019 7,754 2 View

Can Ethyl lactate dissolve the polysulfone family polymers?

Dear researchers, Ethyl lactate is a green solvent which can be replaced by toxic solvents such as DMAc, DMF, NMP, etc. But there are only a few reports for CA/Ethyl lactate. It seems this solvent...

07 August 2019 4,381 11 View

What is the reason for inserting RO modules "horizontally" in water treatment companies?

Hi researchers, The RO modules are designed in "horizontal packs" in water treatment companies. What is the reason? Could you please give me a reference? Regards Foroogh

31 December 2018 5,153 9 View

What is the difference between mixed polymer solutions by different kinds of impellers (mixer blades)?

Dear researchers, I used 3 different impellers to prepare the same polymer solution (fixed composition) which their pictures were attached. Why the prepared polymer solutions have different...

08 September 2018 7,843 22 View

What is the effect of turbulence and reynolds number on polymer solution properties during mixing step?

Dear researchers, I am preparing polymer solutions with this composition: Polymer= PVDF - 18 wt% Additive= PEG200- 5 wt% Solvent= DMAc- 77 wt% Firstly DMAc+ PEG mix at 100 rpm and 25 C and then...

08 September 2018 9,632 7 View

What are important differences between Lab-scale (glass bottle-50gr) and Pilot-scale (buchi vessel- 1 kg) polymer solution preparation?

Dear researchers, I am producing polymer solutions in both Lab and Pilot scales for membrane manufacturing. What are important differences between Lab-scale (glass bottle-50gr) and Pilot-scale...

08 September 2018 5,207 12 View

What is the reason of irregular lines on the PVDF membrane surface's SEM micrograph? Are they PVDF chains or the casting kinfe effect?

I made an UF membrane with 22 wt% of PVDF polymer and 5 wt% PEG200 in the casting solution. The dope solution was viscose. Some irregular lines are observed on the surface SEM micrograph. Are they...

02 March 2018 941 3 View

Can you connect an HPLC to a Mass Spec only at a certain time point?

Can anyone explain this method? Especially the last statement where it says only at 1.5 to 2.5mins was the MS/MS connected to the UPLC. How is that possible, is it a feature in this specific...

11 August 2024 8,141 3 View

GC-MS retention index prediticon?

Hello experts, Does anyone know any free software about retention index prediction ?

08 August 2024 7,403 2 View

How to calculate CCS for Sodiated adduct ions and Multiply Charged Ions?

I'm currently working on calculating the collision cross section (CCS) for various ions, and I'm facing challenges when dealing with sodiated and multiply charged ions. Most of the resources I’ve...

08 August 2024 8,329 0 View

How to fix errors in my heat transfer steel structure with reinforced concrete slab model Abaqus?

I have modelled a steel structure using beam elements in Abaqus and attached to this structure reinforced concrete slab. The analysis that I am making is heat transfer of the structure. The...

07 August 2024 1,028 0 View

Why does my protein refolded to beta sheet during thermal denaturation analysis?

Hi! So i attempted to understand a novel protein behavior towards heat application by analyzing its secondary structure change. I subjected the protein to a thermal denaturation analysis using...

06 August 2024 1,989 3 View

How to heat polymer for about 130° without oil bath ?

is there any other way to heat a polymer evenly other than oil bath if so what are those and how to use it

06 August 2024 947 1 View

What should I do with parameters that are not relate to my simulation in MyLake model?

I want to Estimate surface heat fluxes using MyLake, but I don't have all the initial values in model parameters section and other sections,is there a way?

04 August 2024 1,537 1 View

Where to find a gene list for CRISPRa/i library screening of regulatory factors that affect pathogenic Th17 differentiation in PBMC?

I want to perform a CRISPRa/i library screening for candidate regulatory factors that affect pathogenic Th17 differentiation in PBMC. But I am wondering how to define the size of gene library, so...

31 July 2024 2,150 0 View

Hello dear researchers. I would like to know what is a normalized mass in an EDX analysis?

EDX analisys

31 July 2024 5,947 2 View

Is the black sediment consider as sand? If not, how can I filter it out?

Hi researchers! I'm working on soil texture analysis, and the end result for sand is doubtful because there is black sediment appearing after drying, as shown in the figure. Is it considered sand?...

30 July 2024 557 2 View