A standard method to mimic Type-2 diabetic condition is to grow the cells in the medium with high glucose and high insulin. Adipocytes and muscle cells will become insulin resistant under these conditions.
Using insulinoma cell line, high glucose and/or high lipid condition gives you ER stress and apoptosis. I guess this is an example for your question....
I agree with Nicolas Pillon, however you might miss some metabolic conditions that occurs in diabetic patients body. But as Nicolas mentioned you can use this two techniques to get some similarity.
I accept with Katsura Tukamoto you can use pancreas as cell line to mimic diabetes with high and low sugar but in case of other organs its questionable as many says its due to osmotic pressure, stress and so on. There have been many papers in case of pancreas models as excess glucose can be taken up by pancreatic cells.
I would be happy to know if any one else working on testis line to mimic diabetes.
You must provoke the resistence in the receptor of insuline (like initial DMT2).
In DMT1 is different, you must use cell of DMT1 persons, but the problem in DMT1 is the autoinmune reaction against insuline in complete body, (inmune system alterated), and this can be different in vitro. (It can no exist or disappear in vitro).
This is my problem as well. There are many pancreatic cell lines with different response to glucose concentrations. We need to a well defined cell line specific for T2DM and T1DM with established genetic profile to assess the effect of drugs on gene expression. So how can we investigate the effect of a new drug rather than animal and human studies??
Immortalised cell lines tend to have a higher metabolic rate, which is reflected by the (non-physiologically) high glucose levels seen in most commercial cell culture media.Therefore, adding high glucose to such cells which have high uptake will end up just looking at effects of feeding or starving cells. Primaries would be a better option if possible.