β-Carboline alkaloids are widespread in plants and animals, and frequently act as benzodiazepine inverse agonists.The -carboline alkaloids are a large group of natural and synthetic indole alkaloids that possess a common tricyclic pyrido[3,4-b]indole ring structure. Harmine is a fluorescent harmala alkaloid belonging to the beta-carboline family of compounds. Beta carboline alkaloids are soluble in aquesous SDS 0.5% solution and 10% DMSO.
Isolation:To separate from harmaline, using pKa properties, raise pH of solution containing both alkaloids to pH 8.75 to precipitate 92% of harmine and only 8% Harmaline. Filter to retrieve precipitated alkaloids, and raise the pH further to retrieve the bulk of harmaline
Harmine HCL:Soluble in water, Insoluble in salt-saturated water
Harmaline :Slightly soluble in basic water, poorly soluble in distilled water. Reasonably soluble in acetone (at 25°C, acetone can dissolve 4mg/ml mixed harmalas)
Isolation: To separate from harmine, using pKa properties, raise pH of solution containing both alkaloids to pH 8.75 to precipitate 92% of harmine and only 8% Harmaline. Filter to retrieve precipitated alkaloids, and raise the pH further to retrieve the bulk of harmaline.
Harmaline HCL : Soluble in water, Insoluble in salt-saturated water
THH : Soluble in chloroform, ethanol & methanol, Soluble in ethyl acetate, Poorly soluble in distilled water
THH HCL :
Gramine : Sol in alcohol, ether, chloroform; slightly sol in cold acetone. Practically insol in petr ether, water
Hordenine HCL : Very sol in water
Hordenine : Very sol in alcohol, chloroform, ether. 7 grams dissolve in 1000 ml water. Sparingly sol in benzene, toluene, xylene. Practically insol in petr ether.
Vasicine : Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicine can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala.
Vasicinone : Water: 1600 mg/l. Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicinone can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala
Deoxyvasicine : Water: 1600 mg/l. Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicine can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala.