Can we confirm the ferroelectric nature of the material on the basis of P-E loop characterization?
If yes, then please help me to guide out of given P-E loop of the samples attached in pdf belongs to ferroelectric nature or not?
Dear Agam Rani,
The P-E loop is one of the important tools to understand the ferroelectric polarization incurred in the given sample. But, the basic understanding of the ferroelectric material is that, when two charges are separated by a finite distance experience polarization only when the electrons are tending to align along the applied field direction. we can also examine the same with other techniques too such as dielectric polarization. In your case, the polarization is either not saturated or the loop is not sigmoidal. Hence, the specimen may belong to a paraelectric state. the complete analysis depends on the type of compounds involved in your samples. please go through the following article in which a similar trend was reported: Article Temperature-Dependent Stability of Energy Storage Properties...
I hope this may help
With regards,
R. Rajesh
Hi All
First of all, Thank you very much for the information R. Rajesh
There are some more query on the same topic. Please provide me guidance on this topic?
1. How can we analyse the ferroelectric nature of material with the dielectric polarization. Please suggest me some research article related to this topic, that can help me?
Sample Information
While performing the P-E loop characterization, I used the pellet with a diameter ~ 12mm and thickness ~ 1mm. Mentioned sample was double perovskite ceramic with Pure CCTO(Calcium Copper Titanate) and some doped sample with doping of Sr, Cd, Nb, Zr dopants.
Observation
In one composition, P-E loops was obtained for sample of the series whether it was pure CCTO or doped CCTO.
While in other composition series, only doped sample exhibits the P-E loop and pure donot show loop formation.
CCTO ceramic was non-ferroelectric in nature as mentioned in most of the research paper.
few claim that it was feroelectric(2-4 research article) in nature.
(a) In one research paper it was reported that with the dopant substitution in pure CCTO, changes its spacegroup which further result in change in its nature from centrosymmetric structure to non centrosymmetric structure.
(b) Another one reported that CCTO ceramic in its pure form exhibits ferroelectric nature. How this can be possible that the same ceramic exhibits ferroelectric and non-ferroelecric nature? Does synthesis process can also bring a change in its nature?
2. I want to know the exact reason of such loop formation?
3. How incipent ferroelectric differ from ferroelectric ?
R. Rajesh suggested that it may belong to paraelectric.
4. How we can say that it belong to paraelectric?
5. Why ferrielectric or incipent ferroelectric or any other nature cannot be claimed?
There can be some possible reason for the formation of such type of P-E loop, out of which can be most probable:-
(i) I used Silver paste for electroding, due to electrode there was P-E loop formation.
(ii)In some sample poling was performed, can this be the reason?
while some sample without poling also exhibits such P-E loop.
Is poling of the sample was allowed or not?
(iii) It may be due to dopant effect which result in change in symmetry and leads to formation of such loop.
in some artlicle it was suggested that the Sr and Nb dopant leads to the ferroelectric nature in nonferroelectric material. Can this be possible?
(iv)Does aging effect can also leads to the formation of such loop like square and pinched shaped?
please suggest me some step to trace the exact nature of such loop formation?
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