In my opinion and according to many authors, other cells that express that GLUT 2 transporter such as the hepatocytes and the renal tubular cells are also susceptible to STZ. It could explain why experimental animals, injected with STZ, tend to have renal and liver damage.
You can find attached two papers with more explanations.
1.Deeds M, Anderson J, Armstrong A, et al. Single Dose Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes: Considerations for Study Design in Islet Transplantation Models. Laboratory animals. 2011;45(3):131-140. doi:10.1258/la.2010.010090.
2.Dengping Yin1, Jing Tao, David D. Lee, Jikun Shen, Manami Hara, James Lopez, Andrey Kuznetsov, Louis H. Philipson and Anita S. Chong Recovery of Islet β-Cell Function in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2006
3.John W. Cardinal1, Geoffrey P. Margison2, Kurt J. Mynett2, Allen P. Yates3, Donald P. Cameron1, and Rhoderick H. Elder.Increased Susceptibility to Streptozotocin-Induced β-Cell Apoptosis and Delayed Autoimmune Diabetes in Alkylpurine- DNA-N-Glycosylase-Deficient Mice. Dec; 55(12): 3256-3263. https://doi.org/10.2337/db05-1275
4.JOHN W. CARDINAL, GEOFFREY P. MARGISON,2 KURT J. MYNETT, ALLEN P. YATES, DONALD P. CAMERON,1 AND RHODERICK H. ELDER.Increased Susceptibility to Streptozotocin-Induced b-Cell Apoptosis and Delayed Autoimmune Diabetes in AlkylpurineDNA-N-Glycosylase-Deficient Mice. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, 0270-7306/01/$04.0010 2001, p. 5605–5613