I did DNA electrophoresis but I got only primer dimers. I did not get any other band and the primers I used were freshly prepared. So, what could be the reason for this?
The usual reason is that the primers are not well designed and each primer has some homology at its 3' end with the 3' end of the other primer.. At the first cycle of pcr the primers anneal with each other and extend quickly at low temperature. The dimer product now can melt easily and has perfect homology with the primers so amplifies much better than the expected genomic template. Thus we get huge amounts of dimer using up all of the primer so typically if there is a lot of dimer there is no expected product. Dimer is very short so does not trap much ethidium bromide so even a faint PD band is a lot of dimer. The solutions to PD are either use a hot start enzyme or technique or redesign the primers using Primer3plus or equivalent primer design software
Okay. I will try to use this concentration. Thank you for the answer.
There are several free primer design software tools available that can assist you in designing primers for your experiments. Here are a few popular ones:
These are just a few examples of free primer design software tools available. Each tool has its own features and interfaces, so you can explore them and choose the one that best fits your needs and preferences. Additionally, many commercial software packages offer free trial versions or limited-feature versions that you can use to design primers.
These video playlists might be helpful to you:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzBiAPKi8vOPbE7Db9mKwloe34E8rXXEU
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzBiAPKi8vONSqjcweFWHMRy13y3484bE
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzBiAPKi8vOMheKwb0mu1dcZRaeGUFSlw
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_do_I_read_interpret_and_analyse_my_DNA_gel_electrophoresis_results
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