It is already known that the corona virus has a layer surrounded by fat. So, I was wondering if it would be possible for the detergent present in the sewer to end this layer? Would the concentration of detergent in the sewer be able to denature this layer?
Many commercially available detergent solutions can be used (as per manufacturer’s instructions). As Jose mentioned, the corona virus has a layer surrounded by fat.
For your specific need (i.e. building a sanitizing tunnel), you have not been specific so I assume your aim is to sanitize large volumes of personnel in various situations such as quarantine zones, hospitals, shopping centers, schools, workplaces, public transport hubs etc? From the applications that I have seen, it seems that a mist of 0.5% hydrogen peroxide or bleach is used. You need to bear in mind side effects like allergies, itching etc. A google search of approved alternative disinfectants will be useful.
I see that there has been some criticism of these tunnels in your country, India. You might want to read the following articles that question the efficacy of decontamination tunnels:
For the sake of completeness, soap and water should be used for hand hygiene when hands are visibly soiled and alcohol based hand rub at other times (e.g. when hands have been contaminated from contact with environmental surfaces).
For surfaces, daily prepared 1000 ppm (0.1%) bleach solution can be used on hard, non-porous surfaces (it can damage textiles and metals). At least 10 minutes contact time is required to kill the virus.