Which sort of cells express interleukin 1 receptor on their surface? Is it universally expressed in all the cell?
Dear Robin,
Usually one good place to start looking for presence and localization of a protein, is the Swedish Human Protein Atlas.
http://www.proteinatlas.org/search/IL1
However, this active project does not have highly reliable data on IL-1 family related members yet.
If you have an IL-1 in the laboratory, the easiest way to quickly test the presence of a receptor is the treat the cells of interest and measure broadly for an effect. Ideally, you can use an neutralizing IL-1 antibody as a control in a paired sample. Look at cell growth, spreading or survival if these are cultured cells.
If you are using flow cytometry, consider testing if IL-1 treatment increases the size or granularity of the cell type of interest. If you observe that a cell type respond to IL-1 in a mixed population, sort out the cells of interest and repeat the stimulation to confirm if the effect is direct or indirect.
Most inflammatory cytokines operate in an acute response to a deviation from tissue homeostasis. So if a cell type appears not to have a receptor, for instance to an IL-1 family member, don't be surprised if that receptor is unregulated after TNF, IFN or TLR activation in the tissue. Because IL-1 family members are involved in the would healing response this can be generalized to many tissues, but I would not consider that all cells in humans can respond to IL-1 family members.
Best Wishes,
Jahan Khalili Ph.D.
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