@ Maria, I think lipid nanoparticles carrying mRNA.

Maria Victorova Various nanoparticles can carry mRNA including:

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)

Polymeric nanoparticles

Dendrimers

Exosomes

Inorganic nanoparticles

All of these nanoparticles have their own advantages and limitations in terms of stability, targeting, and biocompatibility. The choice of nanoparticle to use as a delivery system depends on the specific application and desired outcome.

Some of the examples of nanoparticles used for mRNA delivery include:

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)

Polyethylene glycol-coated (PEGylated) lipid nanoparticles

Chitosan nanoparticles

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PLGA)

Silica nanoparticles.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs): LNPs are composed of a mixture of lipids and surfactants that form a spherical structure. They can efficiently encapsulate mRNA and protect it from degradation, making them an attractive option for mRNA delivery.

Polyethylene glycol-coated (PEGylated) lipid nanoparticles: PEGylated lipid nanoparticles are similar to LNPs, but have a protective layer of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on their surface, which increases their circulation time in the body and reduces the immune response.

Chitosan nanoparticles: Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer derived from chitin, a natural polymer found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans. Chitosan nanoparticles can encapsulate mRNA and protect it from degradation, and they can be functionalized with targeting moieties to increase specificity.

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PLGA): PLGA is a biodegradable copolymer commonly used in drug delivery and other biomedical applications. PLGA nanoparticles can encapsulate mRNA and protect it from degradation, but they may not be as efficient as LNPs or chitosan nanoparticles in protecting mRNA from degradation.

Silica nanoparticles: Silica nanoparticles are inorganic particles with a silica core and a functionalized surface. They have been shown to encapsulate mRNA efficiently and protect it from degradation, but their biocompatibility and stability may be a concern for some applications.

Membrane vesicles like exosomes or other microvesicles have shown the capacity to deliver mRNA to target cells as these mRNA cargos are part of the Exosome (biological nanoparticles) during its biogenesis.

So, you might to try out exosomes!

Hi Maria Victorova , hope you find it useful.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), liposomes, lipid poly-complexes, polymer materials, micelles, polypeptides and protamine are the most promising mRNA delivery tools. Via literature review, some examples of DDS are summarized bellow:

· graphene oxide (GO)-polyethylenimine (PEI) complexes were found to be very effective for loading mRNA of reprogramming transcription factors and protection from mRNA degradation by RNase.

· The PEG12KL4/mRNA complex, a novel RNA delivery vector, PEG12KL4, which synthesized cationic KL4 peptide (KLLLLKLLLLKLLLLK-NH2) and 12 monodisperse linear PEG molecules, PEG12KL4 and mRNA in a 10:1 ratio (w/w). It was successfully prepared by spray drying (SD) and spray freeze drying (SFD) techniques, and both SD and SFD powders showed satisfactory atomization inhalation stability and high transfection efficiency, which showed a great prospect for clinical application of PEG12KL4 peptide as mRNA delivery carrier.

· lipid-based mRNA delivery system using polylactic acid nanoparticles (PLA-NPs) and cationic cell-penetrating peptides as mRNA polycondensation agents including combination of mRNA with an peptide (RALA, LAH4 or LAH4-L1), followed by absorption of polymer on the surface of PLA-NPS, resulting in PLA-NP/Peptide/mRNA complex.

regards

Sayoni

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is the most popular carrier for mRNA.

You may find some useful information about LNP on this webpage.

https://www.precigenome.com/lipid-nanoparticle-lnp-mrna-concept-introduction