I want to check ZnO NP toxicity in fish. Before to give treatment, I used to sonicate the ZnO NP in water for 10 minutes at 30 kHz. What should be the best way to make ZnO NP suspension for giving treatment?
If you don't want to use any surfactant, you can change pH. The idea is to be far away from isoelectric point. See Figure 15 in the attached file.
For a standardized protocol you can look at the methods developed by PROSPEcT specifically for the dispersion of ZnO and CeO2 NPs in water in the link below. Bear in mind that you will need to characterize your particles in your exposure media in order to discuss any results in terms of particle size/aggregation state. I hope this helps.
http://www.nanotechia.org/sites/default/files/files/PROSPECT_Dispersion_Protocol.pdf
You should look at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286510620_Towards_sensible_toxicity_testing_for_nanomaterials_proposal_for_the_specification_of_test_design
Article Towards sensible toxicity testing for nanomaterials: Proposa...
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