Western Philosophy has its foundation in the Greek world and Greek philosophers such as Aristotle, Plato and Aristotle were its founders and it deals with idea's such as epistemology (knowledge), empiricism, rationalism, metaphysics, realism, logic, language, mind and body, morality, ethics, aesthetics, politics and science. What is the basis of Islamic Philosophy? Where did it start, who are its founders and what are the major issues it deals with. If the issues are the same as in Western Philosophy, how do they differ from the Western approach or the Eastern approach?
At the end of the attached book, you can read about: The Kalam in Monotheist Thought. The philosophers of Islam very early deteced the main cultural contradiction in relation to Greek thought, with respect to the emerging science of the Qur'an, i.e. the cognitve borderline is the assumption of eternal matter, e.g. in Aristotelian philosophy. The first translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek, for example, uses the word to make for to create, which has not the same meaning at all. Creation (something out of nothing) is a distinctive idea of the Hebrew mind, and the Islami philosophers refuted the ideas of (Aristotelian) eternal matter. In this respect, they followed the idea of creation, which matches Qur'anic Weltanschauung and prophecy. This philosophical (and cosmological/physical) problem was not attacked and mainly avoided by Christian scholars.
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What is Islamic Philosophy about? Islamic philosophy is a development in philosophy that is characterised by coming from an Islamic tradition. Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally: "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, and physics; and Kalam (literally "speech"), which refers to a rationalist form of Islamic theology.
More may be seen at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_philosophy.
It is claimed by the West that Islam and its philosophy have not gone through any age of Enlightenment as is the case for European philosophy.
Dear Hein Retter , is the Enlightenment the only difference between both? What did the Enlightenment bring with it for the European philosophy what the Islamic Philosophy lacks or has as added value because it did not go through the Enlightenment? A lot of scientific discovery or thinking used to come from the East, but these days you don't hear names anymore such as al-Kwarizmi (practitioner of Al-jabr). How does modern European philosophy differ from modern Islamic philosophy? Most Nobel Prizes doesn't go to the East? Does that have something to do with the kind of philosophy which is prevalence? Or does it have to do with something else?
Dear Rudi Darson, I have dealt only sporadically with the history of philosophy, its ideas and its changes; therefore my knowledge is limited. I have the Koran in my bookcase, but I am not a believer in this religion. Various philosophers from the 17th and 18th centuries, especially from the UK, France and Germany, have the idea that man is responsible for what he does - independently from any religious faith.
A second thought was that all the proofs of God that philosophy has developed since the late Middle Ages are wishful thinking of believing people that is beyond scientific proof. Just as in the Middle Ages the existing social order, which knows the powerful above and lives below those who have to serve the powerful, was regarded as an order established by God through creation, which must not be changed. The crying injustice and arbitrariness that reigned was interpreted only as God-given.
In the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers turned to the idea that the ruling religion, in Europe the Christian religion, did much to leave man in his immaturity of mind. But man is able is able to change the coexistence of society in the sense of social progress., Through the idea of full self-responsibility and humanity, religion, the Church and the Bible were no longer the all-encompassing authorities´of world interpretation, but only a partial aspect of human life. Also a human life without believing in religion is valuable and possible. Science and morality received justifications that no longer depended on the dogmas of the Church or the Bible. Remember: Many scientists were persecuted because their findings contradicted the Bible.
In the Enlightenment, fundamental rights were formulated as freedom of opinion, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and human rights as demands of the French Revolution in 1789. The Bible - and the Holy Scriptures - were no longer regarded only as truth, but as myths of human beings, they became, increasingly then in the 19th century itself, the subject of scientific research.
What is Islamic philosophy?
There is no generally accepted definition of what Islamic philosophy is, and the term used to mean the sort of philosophy which started within the culture of Islam. There is a debate as to what it actually is.
Is it primarily the sort of philosophy produced by Muslims? Some of philosophers are not Muslims.
Could we call 'Islamic philosophy' philosophy which is written in Arabic? Certainly not.
Is Islamic philosophy then philosophy which examines the conceptual features of specifically Islamic issues? Not necessarily.
What are the sources of Islamic philosophy?
The al-Ma'mun founded in Baghdad (Iraq) Bayt al-hikma, the House of Wisdom, in 832 ad, which served as a library and center for the translation of Greek texts into Arabic. In addition to the Greek texts, there was also an important transmission of Indian and Persian literature into Arabic, which had an influence on the development of Islamic philosophy.
They had also Qur'an , Hadith (the traditional sayings of the Prophet), Fiqh (Islamic law), Science of Grammar, Kalam( theology), Mysticism or Sufism.
We can say ,Philosophy helps the Muslim to understand the truth using different techniques from those directly provided through religion.
Some Islamic figures are Al-Kindi(801-873), Al-Razi(845-925),Al-Farabi(872-951) Avicenna(980-1037), Al-Ghazali(1058-1111), Averroes(1126-1198)
Islamic philosophy is also founded by the Greek world. She began translating the Greek philosophical text by giving it an Islamic character corresponding to the social problems of that period. The early pioneers of Islamic philosophy cite the first philosopher translator Al-Kindi As the first itinerant Muslim philosopher, Al-Kindi is best known for his efforts to familiarize Arabs and Muslims with ancient Greek and Hellenistic philosophy.
Al-Kindi's interest in most of his philosophical work was to find a synthesis between philosophy and other Islamic sciences, especially religious sciences. Despite his important role in disseminating philosophy to Muslim intellectuals of the time, his work paved the way for the emergence of scholars such as Ibn Sina and al-Farabi.
Dear Bakiri Mohammed Amine , did the Islamic philosophy also influence the Western philosophy? And if so how? And this also goes to Abduljaleel Kadhim Alwali , how did Indian and Persian philosophy influence Islamic philosophy?
And what is the state of Islamic philosophy now compared to Western, Persian and Indian philosophy? And maybe you can also take a look at African philosophy, how Islamic philosophy differs from it.
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