It is worth noting that neural cells typically originate from neural stem cells (NSC) but can also transdifferentiate from MSC under certain conditions. This typically occurs via a process called 'contact guidance'. In particular, this is influenced by topographical cues, e.g. ridges and troughs, along which cells align and assume an elongated morphology. Though most neural cell types align in parallel to the topographical features, some specific types align perpendicular. This affects cell signalling process and can induce neuronal differentiation. I recommend that you search for reviews on contact guidance. You may also wish to read the attached review, which touches briefly on MSC transdifferentiation to neural cells and provides sources of original research publications for further reading.

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