I am working on simulating a tandem solar cell in sentaurus tcad.I am facing convergence issues after introducing the aSi tunnel junction ?

Zain Ul Abdin Qureshi @Zain-Ul-Abdin-Qureshi

31 March 2025 1 6K Report

The top cell consists of SpiroOmetad(HTL)>Perovskite>TiO2(ETL) and Botton subcell consists of aSip++>cSi>aSin++.Individually when i simulated these subcells they converged and displayed an IV curve. but after introducing the Tunnel Junction aSin++ the simulation does not converge. I have also introduced a nonlocal mesh in maths section and a hbarrier and barrier band to band model in the physics section.I have also been adjusting the mesh refinement but still did not converge.Kindly, guide what i am doing wrong.

Md. Rehan Alam

Dear Zain Ul Abdin Qureshi

It looks like the convergence issue is related to the interface between the two subcells at the tunnel junction. Here are some steps to resolve the convergence issue in your tandem solar cell simulation:

Tunneling Model: Ensure you're using the correct band-to-band tunneling model and the Schroedinger-Poisson approach for accurate tunneling effects at the a-Si tunnel junction.

Mesh Refinement: Further refine the mesh specifically at the a-Si tunnel junction to capture the tunneling effects. Focus on the n++-a-Si and a-Si-p++ interfaces.

Boundary Conditions: Check if the current and voltage boundary conditions at the tunnel junction are realistic and applied correctly.

Relaxation Parameters: Adjust relaxation settings and use a gradual bias application to help convergence.

Material Properties: Double-check doping profiles and material properties, particularly for the a-Si layers, ensuring they are consistent and realistic.

Simplify Tunnel Junction: Test with a simplified tunneling model to isolate the issue and ensure the rest of the subcell is functioning correctly.

If you're still facing issues after these adjustments, I’d suggest breaking the model into smaller sections and simulating them sequentially (e.g., first the top subcell, then the bottom, and then the junction) to pinpoint where the failure occurs.

Best Regards.....

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