the frequency of off-target effect varies among the genome-editing technologies. TALENs produce the fewest off-target edits because they use a longer stretch of target DNA than ZFNs or CRISPR-Cas9
In CRISPR/Cas9 technique, utilising the nikase approach (i.e. 2 sgRNA) helps to reduce the off targets massively than using the wild type Cas protein approach, yet less efficient in gene editing.