Oxygen is essential for removing organic substances from the catalyst during calcination. Generally, if you use a small amount of sample in a reasonably sized furnace, the catalyst will calcine properly. To ensure good results, spread the catalyst evenly in a thin layer to maximize contact with air inside the furnace.
Moisture removal is essential before the catalyst is used in a reaction. This is typically achieved by heating the catalyst in a nitrogen flow within the reactor after catalyst loading .
To determine the best calcination conditions and reactor operating procedures for your specific catalyst, refer to research articles similar to your work.