Hello Julissa Mejía
The presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in cell culture medium is questionable since there is a lack of characterization of these substances (especially the growth factors), and the amount of such substances as well.
FBS, which contains a pool of undetermined factors and components, can cause differentiation of stem cells. Although FBS is an essential component of cell culture medium, it has been shown to cause differentiation of certain kinds of stem cells such as neural and embryonic, as well as germ cells. Attached below are some references which you could refer for more information.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17459089/
Article Comparative study of the effects of fetal bovine serum versu...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014296120600696X
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3727/096368908785096024?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19355840/
The ideal culture media should contain standard nutrients in accordance with the cell type and necessity. Inappropriate culture conditions could cause spontaneous differentiation of stem cells.
Best.
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