The multiple industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical and technological applications have led to the wide distribution in the environment; raising concerns over the potential effects on human health and the environment. The toxicity depends on several factors including the dose, route of exposure, and chemical species, as well as the age, gender, genetics, and nutritional status of exposed individuals. Because of their high degree of toxicity, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury rank among the priority metals that are of public health significance. These metallic elements are considered systemic toxicants that are known to induce multiple organ damage, even at lower levels of exposure.
Heavy metal contamination on water, soil, crops and including to the other living organisms, including their effects on DNA mutation is highlighted nowadays, what is your idea ????
Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment - NCBI - NIH
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC)
by PB Tchounwou - 2012 - Cited by 475 - Related articles
Keywords: Heavy metals, production and use, human exposure, toxicity, .... showing an association between exposure and cancer incidence in humans and animals. ... Contamination with high levels of arsenic is of concern because arsenic can ..... Chromium (III) compounds are much less toxic and do not appear to cause ...
Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC)
by M Jaishankar - 2014 - Cited by 188 - Related articles
Nov 15, 2014 - The toxic effects of these metals, even though they do not have any biological ... Arsenic is one of the most important heavy metals causing disquiet from ... Figure 2 shows various sources of lead pollution in the environment .... and vegetables due to its high rate of soil-to-plant transfer (Satarug et al., 2011).
[PDF]Heavy Metals Contamination and what are the ... - Greener Journals
www.gjournals.org/GJEMPS/.../2013/.../060413652%20Kamran%20et%20al.pdf
Waste water also contains heavy metal and when it is applied to crops it can ... metals have severe effects on plants, animals, humans and ultimately on environment. ... and thus, cause risk of heavy metal contamination of the soil and subsequently ... associated with malnutrition and high prevalence of upper gastrointestinal.
Dear Dr. Parisa,
Thank you very much for your kind invitation, I will do my best of the best, but as you know dear that this topic is out of my domain so I can not post an excellent specific reply.!
Really, I found in many developed European countries that there are two types of vegetable, the first type was named Genetically modified foods (GMF) that have relatively low prices with suspicious to consume!!
The second type is the natural food with out any chemical agents or other simulators but depends only on the natural animal waste, so it was very expensive and health.!
In return to your question, I insist that contamination of soil and water has a huge harmful effect that may cause human and animal mutation in future.
Regards,
Sincerely,
Emad
Dear Dr
You responded to your question by the above descriptions.
Soil can absorb heavy metals by variety of emission resources such as municipal, industrial, agricultural, wastes end up to environment, atmosphere (by wet and dry sedimentation etc) etc. Heavy metals can be transferred to surface and underground water resources consequently aquatic and wildlife environment and human food chain as well as oral and ingestion incidences and it has led to rise some concerns especially human mutation for the toxic metals.
Regards
Dear Dr Emad
Thank you so much. You are always the first and the top in sharing and also responding. Yes i agree with you 100 percent.
Best regards
Dear Dr Malek
Thank you so much. In fact it is not only a question , it is sharing our ideas about this unpleasent happening. I appreciate your brief and excellent answer.
Best regards
Effects of Heavy Metals from Soil and Dust Source on DNA Damage of the Leymus chinensis Leaves in Coal-Mining Area in Northwest China
By Tianxin Li , Minjie Zhang, Zhongming Lu, Uwizeyimana Herman, Dzivaidzo Mumbengegwi and John Crittenden
Abstract
Air and soil pollution from mining activities has been considered as a critical issue to the health of living organisms. However, few efforts have been made in distinguishing the main pathway of organism genetic damage by heavy metals related to mining activities. Therefore, we investigated the genetic damage of Leymus chinensis leaf cells, the air particulate matter (PM) contents, and concentrations of the main heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg) in soil and foliar dust samples collected from seven experiment points at the core mining area and one control point 20 kilometers away from the core mining area in Inner Mongolia in 2013. Comet assay was used to test the genetic damage of the Leymus chinensis leaf cells; the Tail DNA% and Tail Moment were used to characterize the genetic damage degree of the plant cells. The comet assay results showed that the cell genetic damage ratio was up to 77.0% in experiment points but was only 35.0% in control point. The control point also had the slight Tail DNA% and Tail Moment values than other experiment groups. The cell damage degree of the control group was 0.935 and experiment groups were 1.299–1.815. The geo-accumulation index and comperehensive pollution index(CPI) were used to characterize heavy metal pollution in foliar dust samples, and single factor pollution index and CPI were used to characterize the heavy metal pollution in soil samples. The CPIfoliar dust of control group was 0.36 and experiment groups were 1.45–2.57; the CPIsoil of control group was 0.04 and experiment groups were 0.07–0.12. The results of correlation analyze showed that Air Quality Index (AQI) -CPIfoliar dust(r = 0.955**)>Damage degree-CPIfoliar dust(r = 0.923**)>Damage degree-AQI(r = 0.908**)>Damage degree-CPIsoil (r = 0.824*). The present research proved that mining activity had a high level of positive correlation with organism genetic damage caused by heavy metals through comparing with the control point; soil and atmosphere were both the important action pathway for heavy metal induced genetic damage in mining area. Furthermore, heavy metal contents in foliar dust showed a higher positive correlation with genetic damage than when compared with soil. This means the heavy metal contents that L.chinensis absorbed through respiration from the atmosphere could make more serious genetic damage than when absorbed by root systems from soil in the mining area. This study can provide theoretical support for research on plant genetic damage mechanisms and exposure pathways induced by environmental pollution.
.....
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0166522
Science for Environment Policy
Soil Contamination: Impacts on Human Health
Health effects of lead exposure
Epidemiological studies show that exposure to lead during the early stages of children’s development is linked to a drop in intelligence. Studies suggest that for each 10 μg/dl (microgram per decilitre) of blood lead, IQ is reduced by at least 1-3 points (Morgan, 2013. See also Canfield et al, 2003; Chen et al, 2005). This small effect on many individuals could be a significant burden to society, with reduced
overall intellectual performance and resulting economic losses.
Phasing out lead from petrol has had an effect on levels of lead measured in children’s blood in Europe. Soil lead and house dust, but not leadbased paint, are associated with population blood lead levels in children.
Most soil lead and house dust are associated with leaded gasoline (Mielke
& Reagan, 1998). Levels of lead in the blood began to decline earlier in the western European and Scandinavian countries than in eastern Europe, largely because unleaded petrol was gradually introduced earlier in these countries.
......
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/IR5_en.pdf
Identifying Sources and Assessing Potential Risk of Heavy Metals in Soils from Direct Exposure to Children in a Mine-Impacted City, Changsha, China
By Zhenxing Wang, Liyuan Chai, Zhihui Yang, Yunyan Wang and Haiying Wang
Abstract
Heavy metal pollutants in soils can usually enter the human body and pose heath risks through a soil–crop–human body pathway (indirect exposure) or soil–human body pathway (direct exposure). Previous studies often neglected the direct exposure in human health risk assessment, especially for children. We collected surface soil samples from urban and suburb areas in Changsha City, China, to analyze the content of As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. A combination of principal component analysis, geostatistics, and triangulated irregular network (TIN) model was successfully used to discriminate the sources of heavy metals. The direct exposure method, sequential indicator simulation, and geographical information system (GIS) technologies were used to perform a health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure to children living in the study area. Results show that heavy metal contamination in Changsha may originate from coal usage and industrial activities. One thousand equiprobable realizations suggest that not all sites within the study area may be suitable for housing or allotments without remediation. Most high hazard indexes are located in the suburb and mining areas. Moreover, arsenic presents a high health risk in comparison with other elements. Compared with inhalation and dermal contact in direct soil exposure, soil ingestion is the largest contribution to potential health risks for children. This study indicates that we should attach great importance to the direct soil exposure for children's health.
https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/jeq/abstracts/39/5/1616
A very important question. I think, according to my humble understanding, that environmental pollution is increasing day by day. Even the method of dealing with heavy waste is not correct. See, for example, the wastes that are found in the Shatt al-Arab, especially the shipwrecks. And caused the appearance of polluted elements in seawater
Dear Dr Al-Sherrawi
Many thanks for all excellent references and valuable research papers, I really appreciate them.
Best wishes
Dear Dr Asim
You shared your beautiful wisdom question and many researchers enjoyed it and have written their answers, I am so sorry that I mentioned the unpleasent happening which causes a lot of problems around the world but it is the truth of our world, I appreciate your answer and thank you indeed.
Hope all people around the world live in peace and green environment and the incurable diseases such as cancer will be disappeared soon by the help of all scientists especially whom are in research gate!
Please accept my best wishes
It is very good question and interesting information is provided by colleagues.But I think there is insufficient information on this topic and more research is needed to really address this question.
.
Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment - NCBI - NIH
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC)
by PB Tchounwou - 2012 - Cited by 475 - Related articles
Keywords: Heavy metals, production and use, human exposure, toxicity, .... showing an association between exposure and cancer incidence in humans and animals. ... Contamination with high levels of arsenic is of concern because arsenic can ..... Chromium (III) compounds are much less toxic and do not appear to cause ...
Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC)
by M Jaishankar - 2014 - Cited by 188 - Related articles
Nov 15, 2014 - The toxic effects of these metals, even though they do not have any biological ... Arsenic is one of the most important heavy metals causing disquiet from ... Figure 2 shows various sources of lead pollution in the environment .... and vegetables due to its high rate of soil-to-plant transfer (Satarug et al., 2011).
[PDF]Heavy Metals Contamination and what are the ... - Greener Journals
www.gjournals.org/GJEMPS/.../2013/.../060413652%20Kamran%20et%20al.pdf
Waste water also contains heavy metal and when it is applied to crops it can ... metals have severe effects on plants, animals, humans and ultimately on environment. ... and thus, cause risk of heavy metal contamination of the soil and subsequently ... associated with malnutrition and high prevalence of upper gastrointestinal.
Heavy metals inhibit the critical proteins which repair the damaged DNA molecules. Heavy metals in most of the cases act as inhibitors of enzymes which repair damaged parts of DNA thereby causing genetic mutations via preventing the repairing damaged parts of DNA molecules.
Dear Dr Muhammad Masab
Many thanks for your valuable and informative answer, really appreciate!
Best regards, Parisa Ziarati
Carcinogenic metals (Ni, As, Cr, Pb, Cd) can evoke posttranslational histone modifications and modulate histone-modifying enzymes including iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family enzymes, DNA repair enzymes ABH3 and ABH2, and histone methyltransferases, which may affect the epigenome and can induce proapoptotic gene silencing or mutation, which leads to the survival of damaged cells. Cd can replace iron and copper in various cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, thus increasing the amount of unbound, free, or chelated copper and iron ions which then participate in oxidative stress via Fenton reactions. Experimental evidence has indicated that, even at low concentrations, Cd can induce mutations by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting DNA lesion repair.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2016/7825432/
Chapter Metal Pollutants in Living Environment: Threat and Challenges
Dear prof.Yogesh
Many thanks for your excellent informative papers and references and also your valuable help. I really appreciate your answer!
Best regards, parisa
Excellent inputs from learned colleagues on the interesting topic.As I understand one has to distinguish between damage to DNA from mutation.If an organism DNA is mutated ,the acquired character is transferred to future generations. Are there such studies where DNA is damaged by heavy metal to the extent of mutations carried forward in future generations? Such studies are available on radiation induced mutations in crops in the development of new varieties.
Dear prof. Annangi
Many thanks for your valuable expressing and comment. I really appreciate your answer!
Best regards, Parisa
Aquatic genetic diversity is one of the important indicators for determining the ecological conditions of water resources. Genetic diversity in creatures increases the ability to adapt to environmental changes that are required for species survival. One of the most influential factors in diversity is pollution. The most important contamination is heavy metals pollution, which can cause mutations to reduce or increase diversity.
Dear Dr Maryam
Many thanks for your informative answer. I really appreciate it.
Best regards
Sure, in my point of view, thymine can attach Hg2+ and many research groups focusing based on T-Hg2+-T. So, thymine is one of DNA bases in our body and I think it can bind to Hg2+ in our body and causing consequence diseases.
Heavy metals have a variety of effects upon the human body, mostly acting at the cellular level. Some heavy metals disrupt biochemical reactions while others block essential biological processes, including the absorption of nutrients. Some accumulate in the body gave rise to toxic concentration after many years of exposure and yet others (including arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, and chromium) are carcinogens.
Dear Dr YOGESH CHANDRA TRIPATHI
Many thanks for your informative comment. Hope to find the best method for removing these toxic metals from soil.
Best regards
From its name (Heavy Metals), most of them are carcinogenic. The following link lists EPA standards for heavy metals in drinking water and groundwater. Best regards
https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations#Inorganic
I think that the expression toxic elements for so-called heavy metals, speaks for itself.
Contaminated food, water and soil represent a way of their implementation in the food chain, making in a greater or lesser extent damage to the human body or other living organism.
A multitude of health problems depending on which heavy metals and the continuing land use.
Hi I would like to comment that Heavy metal poisoning is the accumulation of heavy metals, in toxic amounts, in the soft tissues of the body. ... Heavy metal poisoning may occur as a result of industrial exposure, air or water pollution, foods, medicines, improperly coated food containers, or the ingestion of lead-based paints. Toxic heavy metals and routes of exposure. Toxic heavy metals are heavy metals that become poisonous to the body when they are not metabolised or excreted and so accumulate in organs and tissues. They enter the human body through food, water, air, or absorption through the skin. Metal toxicity or metal poisoning is the toxic effect of certain metals in certain forms and doses on life. Some metals are toxic when they form poisonous soluble compounds. ... Many metals, particularly heavy metals are toxic, but some heavy metals are essential, and some, such as bismuth, have a low toxicity. Botulinum toxin. Scientists differ about the relative toxicities of substances, but they seem to agree that botulinum toxin, produced by anaerobic bacteria, is the most toxic substance known. Its LD50 is tiny – at most 1 nanogram per kilogram can kill a human. Many heavy metals exist, including:
Arsenic.
Cadmium.
Copper.
Iron.
Lead.
Mercury. Can cause poisoning.
A heavy metals panel is a group of tests that measures the quantity of specific potentially toxic metals in the blood, urine or, more rarely, in the hair or other body tissue or fluid. A laboratory may offer several different groupings of heavy metals panels as well as tests for individual metals.
It doesn't help that once heavy metals get into your body they are pretty tough to get out.
10 Things To Add To Your Heavy Metal Detox.
Drink More Purified Water. ...
Drink More Purified Water. ...
Eat More Omega-3 Fats. ...
Include More Glutathione In Your Diet. ...
Cook With Onions And Garlic. ...
Sweat More. ...
Take A Detox Bath. ...
Seaweed Spa Day.
Regards
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