Dear Thang

Because of the very slow settling of fine solids in the tailing ponds, it is necessary to flocculate fine particles to produce more rapid settling and easy removal of the solids by gravity in the tailing treatment process. 

Chitosan biopolymers are produced through the de-acetylation of chitin, which is the second most abundant polysaccharide worldwide. When dissolved, the amino groups on the glucosamine units will protonate, resulting in increased solubility and positive charge (cationic property). The positive charge is a critical property for a coagulant, as a coagulant with high positive charge density in water at or near neutral pH, results in efficient removal of negatively charged turbidity and microbes, more so than a coagulant of lower positive charge density or negative charge. Together, these chemical properties make chitosan a unique and effective biopolymer for inter-particle bridging, aggregation of floc particles and precipitation, and therefore an ideal candidate for use in water treatment....

I think the following papers could be helpful for you:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785416302265

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25817680

http://whshurtleff.com/erosion-control/chitosan-natural-sediment-flocculant/

Regards,

Ata

Dear Mr.Ata,

Thank you so much for such information. then, do you have any information about its organic compound and metal absorb ability?

and dosage also.

Thank you so much for all help.

You are most welcome.

Conventionally, precipitation is the most common technique for removal of metals, but this method leads to the production of toxic sludge. On the other hand, solvent extraction technique is not suitable for effluents containing less than 1 g L-1 of targeted heavy metals and ion exchange processes are too expensive due to the high cost of synthetic resins. In consequence, new separation methods are required to reduce heavy metal concentrations to environmentally acceptable levels at affordable cos. In recent years, biosorption by biologically originated materials in removing heavy metals has drawn more and more attention, largely due to the unique properties of these biomaterials being environmentally benign, low cost, effective at low metal concentrations and easily reusable. Chitosan attracted particular consideration because of its capability to adsorb various heavy metal ions chemically or physically . If my answer is useful, you can recommend it.

You can find useful information from bellow in this regard:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535210002753

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3964254/

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658077X16300224

Regards,

Ata

 Thank you so much for all information. I will try to use it later when I have got enough basic (chemical contacting way, time and ...) for my water treatment plant. 

You are most welcome dear thang.

I can introduce to you MWH’s Water Treatment: Principles and Design (Crittenden et al.- 3rd Edition), which is a practical book in your studied context and have the fundamental design criteria for water treatment plant design. I can email it to you. Please send me an email to: [email protected].

Regards,

Ata

thank you so much for all