if solubilized, how can they be "particles"-nano or any?

I am not an expert in this field, but I am very interested and have researched to find an answer. I received some assistance from tlooto.com for this response. Could you please review the response below to see if it is correct?

To dissolve biosynthesized chitosan nanoparticles for testing antibacterial activity, it's crucial to consider the degree of deacetylation and the molecular weight of chitosan, as these factors significantly influence solubility in acidic solutions [1][2]. Given that your nanoparticles did not dissolve in acetic acid, try using hydrochloric acid (HCl) instead, as highly deacetylated chitosan (over 90%) is more soluble in HCl [3][4]. Ensure the chitosan is nearly completely deacetylated and processed into a chitosan HCl form for better solubility and stability [4]. Adjusting the pH to around 5 may also enhance solubility and antibacterial efficacy [5].

Reference

[1] Al-Zahrani, S. S., Bora, R., & Al-Garni, S. M. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanoparticles. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 35, 1874 - 1880.

[2] Eliyahu, S., Aharon, A., & Bianco‐Peled, H. (2018). Acrylated Chitosan Nanoparticles with Enhanced Mucoadhesion. Polymers, 10.

[3] Hermosilla, E., Díaz, M., Vera, J., Contreras, M., Leal, K., Salazar, R., Barrientos, L., Tortella, G., & Rubilar, O. (2023). Synthesis of Antimicrobial Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Reusable Chitosan Fungal Beads. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24.

[4] Verma, D., Malik, R., Meena, J., & Rameshwari, R. (2021). Synthesis, characterization and applications of chitosan based metallic nanoparticles: A review. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 13, 544-551.

[5] Wilson, B. K., & Prud’homme, R. (2021). Processing Chitosan for Preparing Chitosan-Functionalized Nanoparticles by Polyelectrolyte Adsorption.. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

Ultrasonic treatment may be supportive.

See Sakai et al. 2001, Polymer Journal

Uwe Strotmann , Thanks for attention but, I need to solve chitosan nanoparticles not Chitosan.

Park Sowon

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