The CTXPhi phage interacts with the Vibrio Cholerae through the Toxin coregulating pilus (TCP). This TCP production by the bacterium is more pronounced in the gut and not in the external environment. So I think this interaction must be in the human gut.
I am attaching an article in support to my claim. I am of course open to new ideas and hypothesis.
cholerae strains carrying CTX prophage sequences that do not encode the ctxAB genes have been identified. ... cholerae, and replication of the phage does not cause V. cholerae cell lysis; therefore, CTXφ genome can be both vertically and horizontally transferred.