I am doing Msc project,so my Msc project I want to ask this question.
Nano particles are not soluble in most of the solvent
If you are talking about nanoparticles, then apparently they are solid with a metal bond (metals) or a covalent bond (oxides). Such nanoparticles do not dissolve in organic solvents ethyl alcohol, hydrocarbons dimethylformamide and water. They do not dissolve because they do not receive a gain in Gibbs energy in such a process. If you have nanoparticles of table salt, then they dissolve in water, because This process is accompanied by a negative change in Gibbs energy due to an increase in entropy and hydration.
If you are talking about nanoparticles, then apparently they are solid with a metal bond (metals) or a covalent bond (oxides). Such nanoparticles do not dissolve in organic solvents ethyl alcohol, hydrocarbons dimethylformamide and water. They do not dissolve because they do not receive a gain in Gibbs energy in such a process. If you have nanoparticles of table salt, then they dissolve in water, because This process is accompanied by a negative change in Gibbs energy due to an increase in entropy and hydration.
To dissolve any solutes in a given solvent, solute-solvent interactions should supersede solute-solute interactions. Normally like dissolves like. If there is a structural parallel between solute and solvent the dissolution is favored.
I think, you meant suspending, not dissolution. The question is too broad - it is impossible to describe whole colloidal chemistry in a RG-answer. Could you specify it?
Ceramic nano-particles can be dissolved in some acids if you want to deal with ions. In solvents uniform suspension can be obtained depending on the nature of the nano-particles used. for more information you may refer to:
Mackay, Michael E., et al. "General strategies for nanoparticle dispersion." Science 311.5768 (2006): 1740-1743.
The problem is the concept of solubility. When you have something soluble, the final result must be a single phase mixture. So imagine that you have a particle of 50 nm of diameter (just as an example) and you mix it with a solvent, you'll have a mixture with turbidity, you can see the tyndall effect (scattering of light by colloids), because your particle has a wide volume. If your particle dissolves into the solvent (for example silica dissolving in aqueous HF), the solvent is reacting with you particle reducing its size.
I think that the question that helps you understanding this phenomenon is the concept of colloids.
I think you should look for solubility of material it self not size range, because if we have insoluble material, I guess reducing particle size does not strongly affect its solubility
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