I am trying to avoid any chemicals in my lysate of transfected HEK cells because I intend to use the supernatant of the lysate for ELISA. Therefore I wonder if I can use water or PBS alone for cells lysis.
PBS is common coating buffer you can use it. You can not use just water.
The cells aren't going to be lysed by PBS unless you apply a physical disrupting force, such as sonication.
Cell lysis is easiest after swelling them, for example, add 9 volumes of dd water to one volume of cell suspension in PBS. Keep them on ice for 30 min, then give them a few strokes with a Dounce or Potter homogeniser. Ball bearing homogenisers (e.g., http://isobiotec.com/cell-homogenizer.html) also work very well. With some cells, it is even sufficient to pipette them quickly (check with a microscope).
Yes, using PBS (avoiding any other chemicals, detergences etc.) you can lyse your cells mechanically, e.g. by sonication.
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