Hi,
I want to investigate the monocytes/macrophages in the peripheral blood. The usual markers used are CD14 and CD16 but they are more specific for monocytes. If we want to observe macrophages in other body fluids which markers can be used for flow cytometry as it is assumed that macrophages derive from monocytes and so they will express some other markers too.
Hi, CD14 is not specific for monocytes/macrophages and CD16 is quite variable in the expression on this cells, the better cell marker is CD91, this one is present in all monocytes/macrophages.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.b.21131/abstract;jsessionid=018E2B72D7686A1727A2B390EF101C83.f01t01
For marking promonocytes/monocytes we use CD45, CD11b, CD4, CD64, DR, These markers are positive in the promonocytes. For the more mature elements of this series, CD14 and IREM-2. CD91 is also a good marker but we ave not experiece with it.
I want to use human peripheral blood. In a few studies I have found mostly papers are citing differential expression of CD14 and CD16. In one study, macrophages were identified by considering M1: CD14+CD163- and M2: CD14+ CD163+. Can these markers be helpful for identification in peripheral blood and other body fluids?
Thank you all very much for your nice comments and suggestions.
There are far more types of activated macrophages than M1 and M2. This nomenclature was recommended against (kind of) in a recent perspectives article by Murray et al (see link).
At an mRNA level, CD163 is not upregulated by IL-4, but is upregulated by dexamethasone and IL-10 at 24 h post-treatment (unpublished observation). Supplemental data from Xue et al see CD163 upregulation at 72h in M(glucocorticoid) and in M(LPS+immune complexes) (see link).
TGM2 has been suggested to be a marker for monocytes/macrophages responding to IL-4 treatment although there are notable exceptions to this rule (see link).
If possible, I would recommend using more than a single marker to describe the monocytes in your study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035950
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geoprofiles/32418470
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Xue%20macrophage%20activation%20spectrum%202014
Remember Shafqat, by definition, blood does not contain macrophages, i.e. tissue counterparts of monocytes. Further, there are populations of resident macrophages colonizing tissues during foetal development starting from yolk sac erythro-myeloid progenitors (PMID: 25470051)
Mario Picozza: yes you are right but may be in some other body fluids you may find macrophages as mentioned in the following paper:
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0088343
http://samanmaleki.blogspot.ca/2015/05/how-to-properly-differentiate-between.html
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