For example, when we go to the "scholar google" search engine to search for a publication by any author, we indicate the number of times that this publication has been cited by others
Calculaton of the number of times an author has been cited in a book or article publication is online process and Googel scholar, Research Gate and Scopus take care of it.
Publication databases like Google Scholar, Research gate and Scopus does the counting, though it really depends on the indexation of the journal which the publication is and indexation of the citing journal too.
https://guides.lib.umich.edu/citation/WebofScience
Research Impact Metrics: Citation Analysis
Information on how to use library resources for citation analysis. This includes information about impact factors, journal rankings, altmetrics and how to find who has cited an article..
https://umd.libanswers.com/faq/66082
Q. How do I find out how many times an article has been cited?
https://emory.libanswers.com/faq/44391
Q. How do I find out who has cited a work?
Citation tracking, or citation analysis tools in databases are used to find out how many times an author or article has been cited by others. It is often used to determine a work's "impact" in a particular discipline.
Here are some general things to keep in mind when tracking citations:
- For best results, work from a complete and accurate list of an author's publications. Authors do not always use the same name throughout their careers.
- Be careful when searching author names. ISI databases like Web of Science use the author's last name and first initial. Be sure to truncate the first-name initial (add *) to see a more complete list. ISI databases do index more than the first author.
- Names and other bibliographic information are supplied by the citing author and so may not be correct. Look for strays and evaluate if it is the same publication.
- Remember citation indexes are primarily based on selected journal literature. If the author is most likely to be cited in books, non-English language journals, or journals not covered in the database, the usefulness of citation analysis is limited.
https://researchguides.uic.edu/c.php?g=252299&p=1683205
Measuring Your Impact: Impact Factor, Citation Analysis, and other Metrics: Citation Analysis
About Citation Analysis
What is Citation Analysis?
The process whereby the impact or "quality" of an article is assessed by counting the number of times other authors mention it in their work.
Citation analysis invovles counting the number of times an article is cited by other works to measure the impact of a publicaton or author. The caviat however, there is no single citation analysis tools that collects all publications and their cited references. For a thorough analysis of the impact of an author or a publication, one needs to look in multiple databases to find all possible cited references. A number of resources are available at UIC that identify cited works including: Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and other databases with limited citation data.
Citation Analysis - Why use it?
To find out how much impact a particular article or author has had, by showing which other authors cited the work within their own papers. The H-Index is one specific method utilizing citation analysis to determine an individuals impact.
Google Scholar, Researchgate and Scopus, Citation Analysis, IF
There are many such citation analysis, metrics and IF. The popular ones include Scopus, google scholar, research gate etc.
The reliability , rationality and simplicity are important criterias while comparing all.
Now a days many online platforms are taking care of citation records. Now journals are also tracking the records of citations a these are important to calculate impact factor of the journal. As earlier mentioned Google scholar, Scopus, researchgate, web of science, mendeley are some of them. Every platforms has there own indexing journal and track records for for that journals only
It's done done by softwares used by Google scholar, research gate etc. U need to open an account and upload ur articles and citation for each paper will appear.
There are many database citations analysis/calculation, such as: Research Gate, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Sciences, JIF.
I fully agree with Dr. Evens Emmanuel as well as I would like to add that citations and H- index also calculated by semantic scholars and publons.
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