The SOD (superoxide dismutase) protein is a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in antioxidant defense by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide radicals. Multiple genes are involved in the production of different forms of SOD. Here are the genes that control the three major types of SOD:
1. SOD1: The gene encoding the cytoplasmic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is located on chromosome 21 in humans.
2. SOD2: The gene encoding the mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is located on chromosome 6 in humans.
3. SOD3: The gene encoding the extracellular copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is located on chromosome 4 in humans.
These genes provide the instructions for the synthesis of the respective SOD enzymes, which are essential for maintaining cellular redox balance and protecting against oxidative stress. Genetic variations or mutations in these genes can impact the activity and expression of SOD proteins, potentially affecting an individual's antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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