it does not have. Earlier in this context you can search "Hindu Growth Rate " the term coined by Indian economist Raj Krishna.The word "Hindu" in the term was used by some early economists to imply that the Hindu outlook of fatalism and contentedness was responsible for the slow growth. The later economists attribute the rate to the Government of India's protectionist and interventionist policies , rather than to a specific religion or to the attitude of the adherents of a particular religion.The usage of the term "Hindu Rate Of Growth" has been criticized, as the low growth rate of Indian economy is attributed to the secular Nehruvian Socialism, which has nothing to do with Hinduism.

After the Era of Liberalization . Privatization & globalization Indian economy developed dynamically it does show the policies at national level make impact on the economic development. Also it could be highlighted that earlier in Indian context specifically few of the clans have faith in entrepreneurship but if we asses the position now then we can understand many of the other  clans which were not engaged in entrepreneurship also achieved outstanding credentials in entrepreneurship. it means more than culture the policies to promote the entrepreneurship help to develop entrepreneurial traits. 

Research undertaken by my PhD students and others tends to suggest that entrepreneurial traits are the same regardless of culture or nationality. However a culture may influence the means by which entrepreneurs achieve their goals. In Vietnam entrepreneurs are often more guarded in their activities to avoid scrutiny by the authorities. In the US where entrepreneurs are celebrated as heroes, their activities are often widely publicised.  

Mr Salunkhe and Mr.Pech first of all thanks for your answers.My hypothesis is that national culture effects the entrepreneur traits and profiles.I think that the profiles and features of entrepreneurs e.g. taking risk,locus of control,tolerance of ambiguity is related to national culture dimensions which are mainly expressed by Geert Hofstede.That's why I would like find out the articles,books,reports(country,sector,region)and thesis which are proves or shows the relationship between the culture and entrepeneur profiles and traits.Do you have any recommendations?

Esra I'm not convinced that Geert Hofstede's findings are particularly relevant to your research as his work was undertaken in large organisations (a long time ago). Most of the research on entrepreneurship suggests a commonality of traits regardless of culture. But on saying that, I suspect that their strategies may differ to suit their cultural context. If this is the case then your research would be more about entrepreneurial strategies than about their characteristics.

Hi Esra,

There should be a significant relationship between national culture and entrepreneurship traits as they are closely related to individuals motivation towards business.

Articles below may assist you for better discussion:

A Case for Comparative Entrepreneurship: Assessing the Relevance of Culture

Anisya S. Thomas and Stephen L. Mueller

Journal of International Business Studies

Vol. 31, No. 2 (2nd Qtr., 2000), pp. 287-301

Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing

Volume 16, Issue 1, January 2001, Pages 51–75

http://www.jstor.org/stable/155638?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883902699000397

You may check few articles by Mitchell et al. (the one attached might be a good starting point) and the meta-analysis (while it represent culture as a moderator of the EO-performance relationship).

Article On Cultural and Macroeconomic Contingencies of the Entrepren...

Article Are Entrepreneurial Cognitions Universal? Assessing Entrepre...

Linan and Fernandez-Serrano (2014) conducted an empirical study to examined the impact of national culture on entrepreneurship and ultimately to the level of economic development in the case of the European Union. Using GEM data and Schwartz cultural model, Linan and Fernandez-Serrano (2014) found that culture is a complex phenomenon that cannot be explained by focusing only on cultural values. In particular, the authors found that former communist states (Hungary, Latvia, and Poland) have low levels of both autonomy and egalitarianism among other European Union countries. Moreover, the important correlation was between low level of economic development and the high share of necessity entrepreneurship. Thus, they suggested that future studies should focus more on the way cultural values influence entrepreneurial activity.

Hayton and Cacciotti (2013) examined the moderating role of culture on entrepreneurship and subsequently economic development by analyzing 42 empirical studies published from 1992 to 2012. The authors defined culture as a set of common values and beliefs which contributes to shaping behavior in a specific region. They found that although culture plays an important role as a moderator factor between entrepreneurship and economic growth, it is still unclear whether a more individualistic or collective cultural method is most favorable to entrepreneurship and economic development as both cultural values may affect this relationship. Hence, Hayton and Cacciotti (2013) suggested that culture should be considered at regional level as previous studies used larger samples in which they led to uncertain findings.

There's also the earlier piece by James Hayton, Shaker Zahra and Gerry George: National Culture and Entrepreneurship: A Review of Behavioural Research https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=dxeHf_AAAAAJ&citation_for_view=dxeHf_AAAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC 

I hope this helps.

Best, florian

Mr.Noor thanks a lot for your sharings but unfortunately they are not free:(

Mr Taube,Mr Ghura and Mr.Laine thanks for the shared documents.All of them are  what I need.

Mr.Mir I am looking forward to get your paper.Thank you all  in advance for your cooperation.

The national culture of a country can will detected by taxation system and too by rent per capita. Currently, I have wrote a manuscript to research the behavior of Chilean companies, applying accounting methodology of radar chart, and companies adopt differente kinds of management according their location in different regions. Companies belong to different sectors. The same result has been obtained when I apply the same research in regions of United Kingdom respect companies of same sector (distillery), on a manuscript acepted on a International meeting of industrial economy. To detect this effect the chi2 funcion has to be applied, contrasting the kind of management and regions where companies are located in each year. The kind of management is obtained by applying the theorem of cosine of methodology of radar chart. There is a relation between p-value of Chi2 and Elasticity of employment respect to GDP or other national variables. It is possible consulting this effect by manuscript of in this platform. Summarizing, there is a relation between kinds of management and culture of region where companies are located

Dear Ms. Tasmedir,

I tend to think that the best starting point is for you to read Hofstede (2001), a contemporary classic on national culture. There are numerous studies following Hostede's work. You may find my deliberation on Chinese culture helpful as an example (Lee 1996). You may also find it helpful to learn from a study contrasting Chinese and Canadian culture my co-authros and I conducted earlier (Tse, Lee, Vertinsky and Wehrung 1988).

Hofstede, Geert H. (2001). Culture's Consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations, Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.

Lee, Kam-hon (1996). “Moral Consideration and Strategic Management Moves: The Chinese Case,” Management Decision, (34, 9), 65-70.

Tse, David, Lee, Kam-hon, Vertinsky, Ilan, and Wehrung, Donald (1988). “Does Culture Matter? A Cross-cultural Study of Executives’ Choice, Decisiveness and Risk Adjustment in International Marketing,” Journal of Marketing, (52, 4) October, 81-95.

Dear Mr Lee,

I have just requested the full-text version of your articles.I think that  they have so interesting findings.May I request you to send me them?

Thanks for your kind assistance.

I have just sent you the two articles.

Hope these papers gives you some help in your research work. I will try to contribute more help 

Thanks Bilal for your cooperation.

you are welcome Esra

Dear Esra,

You may get the exact example you are looking for by googling "the start-up nation". Not sure how popular that example may be in Turkey, but... it's a reality. 

Many people around me, including myself, got their own startups. It's a kind of a professional hobby which often takes off. It's also a kind of a culture that appreciate attempts and effort, and takes failures as just must-have steps towards success. 

Good luck, you've got a lovely topic.

Sharon

the entrepreneurship theories have stressed on contribution of culture towards entrepreneurship e.g. theory of entrepreneurial supply (Thomas Cochran) emphasizes on cultural values, role expectations and social sanctions.

it respect to build a root family background entrepreneurship business family background to respect

Mr Gotteiner  and Miss Jyoti thanks for your recommendations.I will research and take into consideration of them.

 I recently been to a conference with similar papers and theme. You can check this link and check with main authors for complete papers.

https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/management/conferences-and-events/htsf-2016/timetable/

Hope this help

Bests

please see attached articles

http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5641&context=lkcsb_research

You might be inetrested in the enclosed article; best regards, MV

Dear research

to me do not exist a unique culture of nations. A parliament has different tendencies, thus not all economic action must to be same. In my opinion, the time that the human action takes to obtain a final product of an activty or service identifies the culture of serveral regions in a country.

It is possible contrasting the rent per capita of each region and it not is generated by casuality. Under this real situtation, the kind of management applied to make activity of companies is the culture of this economic agent located in a region. I measure the kind of management by incorporating the average period of maturartion on axes of a radar chart. This variable generates several and different radar chart, because anual decisions have not to be same.

The theory of transation of Willianson and the theory of location of Krugman take in account the cultural effect in yours theories but I beleves the time to make economic actions is the variable pendent of consider in them.

I am working in a new methodology named Accounting Methodology of Radar Chart, which you can get in this platform, and it allows the obtaining kinds of management. This methodolgy allows develop cualitative and quantitative analysis.

The matter selected for do thesis is relevant.

I expect that these reflexions have helped you for selecting the road in yours thesis.