I love this question. It was inevitable that someone would note the proximity of the brain quadrants involved in both.
One kind of art that probably inspired some counting was Pointillism, thought I cannot swear to it. You know, of course, that those in Dada went to every extreme to avoid making art a formula. If they succeeded, then the answer is 'no'--not all art can be summer up in a formula. Also, Outsider Art may be farther from a formula because not influenced by marketing.
Thanks for asking! I'm not the final answer, just a voice in the choir here.
In ethics Jeremy Bentham proposed the calculus - so why should it not be possible is esthetics? For example quantification of the appreciation by an audience?
Artists never can quantify there reception or production - but some art is basically mathematical, for music this is well known, Bach but also Spectral Music today -Pointillism is a good example - it is known that Seurat used the golden section - also De Stijl and Bauhaus show that the mathematical approach can sustain an image.
But my question was rather in the sense of : is it possible to reach an objective level in something that is quite subjective in its essence?